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Diastase (/ˈdaɪəsteɪz/; dari bahasa Yunani διάστασις, artinya "pemisahan") adalah salah satu dari sekelompok enzim yang mengkatalisis pemecahan amilum menjadi maltosa. Misalnya, diastase alfa-amilase mendegradasi pati menjadi campuran disakarida maltosa; trisakarida maltotriosa, yang mengandung tiga residu glukosa yang terikat α (1-4); dan oligosakarida, yang dikenal sebagai dekstrin, yang mengandung cabang glukosa yang terikat α (1-6).^[1]

Diastase adalah enzim pertama yang ditemukan.^[2] Enzim ini diekstraksi dari larutan malt pada tahun 1833 oleh Anselme Payen dan Jean-François Persoz, ahli kimia di pabrik gula Prancis.^[3] Nama "diastase" berasal dari kata Yunani διάστασις (diastasis) yang artinya "pemisahan", karena ketika tumbukan bir dipanaskan, enzim menyebabkan pati dalam biji barli berubah dengan cepat menjadi gula yang larut dan karenanya kulitnya terpisah dari sisa biji.^[4]^[5] Saat ini, "diastase" merujuk pada α-, β-, atau γ-amilase (yang semuanya adalah hidrolase) yang dapat memecah karbohidrat.^[6]

Akhiran -ase yang umum digunakan untuk penamaan enzim berasal dari nama diastase.^[7]

Ketika digunakan sebagai obat farmasi, diastase memiliki kode ATC A09AA01.

Amilase juga dapat diekstraksi dari sumber lain termasuk tumbuhan lain, air liur, dan susu.

Signifikansi klinis

Diastase urin berguna dalam mendiagnosis kasus perut yang tidak pasti (terutama jika diduga pankreatitis), batu di saluran empedu umum (koledokolitiasis), jaundis, dan dalam menyingkirkan cedera pascaoperasi pada pankreas; asalkan kadar diastase berkorelasi dengan fitur klinis pasien.^[8]

Diastase juga digunakan bersama dengan pewarnaan asam periodik–Schiff dalam histologi. Misalnya, glikogen diwarnai gelap oleh PAS tetapi dapat dilarutkan oleh diastase. Di sisi lain, jamur diwarnai gelap oleh PAS bahkan setelah perawatan dengan diastase.

Referensi

^ Gray, G.M. (1975). "Carbohydrate digestion and absorption". New England Journal of Medicine. 292 (23): 1225–1230. doi:10.1056/NEJM197506052922308. PMID 1093023.
^
See:
- Hill, Robert; Needham, Joseph (1970). The Chemistry of Life: Eight Lectures on the History of Biochemistry. London: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 17. ISBN 9780521073790.
- Silverman, Richard B. (2002). The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (Edisi 2nd). London: Academic Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 9780126437317.
- Stenesh, Jochanan (1998). Biochemistry. Vol. 2. New York: Plenum. hlm. 83. ISBN 9780306457333.
- Meyers, Robert A., ed. (1995). Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference. New York: Wiley-VCH. hlm. 296. ISBN 9780471186342.
^ Payen & Persoz (1833), page 77. Payen and Persoz found diastase in the seeds of barley, oats, and wheat, as well as in potatoes (Payen & Persoz (1833), page 76).
^ Payen & Persoz (1833), pages 75-76.
^ Etymology of "diastase"
^ Oliver, Garrett (2011). The Oxford Companion to Beer. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 49. ISBN 978-0199912100. Diakses tanggal 2013-12-27. Most of the activity of diastase can be attributed to the activities of two enzymes, alpha and beta amylase, and, to a lesser extent, gamma amylase (together, the amylases), although many other enzymes are also present.
^ The naming of enzymes using the suffix "-ase" has been traced to French scientist Émile Duclaux (1840-1904), who intended to honor the discoverers of diastase by introducing the practice in his book Traité de Microbiologie, vol. 2 (Paris, France: Masson and Co., 1899), Chapter 1, especially page 9.
^ Foged, Jens (March 1935). "The diagnostic value of urine diastase". The American Journal of Surgery. 27 (3): 439–446. doi:10.1016/S0002-9610(35)91022-4.

Pranala luar

[1] Gray, G.M. (1975). "Carbohydrate digestion and absorption". New England Journal of Medicine. 292 (23): 1225–1230. doi:10.1056/NEJM197506052922308. PMID 1093023.

[2] See:
Hill, Robert; Needham, Joseph (1970). The Chemistry of Life: Eight Lectures on the History of Biochemistry. London: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 17. ISBN 9780521073790.

Silverman, Richard B. (2002). The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (Edisi 2nd). London: Academic Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 9780126437317.

Stenesh, Jochanan (1998). Biochemistry. Vol. 2. New York: Plenum. hlm. 83. ISBN 9780306457333.

Meyers, Robert A., ed. (1995). Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference. New York: Wiley-VCH. hlm. 296. ISBN 9780471186342.

[3] Hill, Robert; Needham, Joseph (1970). The Chemistry of Life: Eight Lectures on the History of Biochemistry. London: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 17. ISBN 9780521073790.

[4] Silverman, Richard B. (2002). The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (Edisi 2nd). London: Academic Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 9780126437317.

[5] Stenesh, Jochanan (1998). Biochemistry. Vol. 2. New York: Plenum. hlm. 83. ISBN 9780306457333.

[6] Meyers, Robert A., ed. (1995). Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference. New York: Wiley-VCH. hlm. 296. ISBN 9780471186342.

[3] Payen & Persoz (1833), page 77. Payen and Persoz found diastase in the seeds of barley, oats, and wheat, as well as in potatoes (Payen & Persoz (1833), page 76).

[4] Payen & Persoz (1833), pages 75-76.

[5] Etymology of "diastase"

[6] Oliver, Garrett (2011). The Oxford Companion to Beer. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 49. ISBN 978-0199912100. Diakses tanggal 2013-12-27. Most of the activity of diastase can be attributed to the activities of two enzymes, alpha and beta amylase, and, to a lesser extent, gamma amylase (together, the amylases), although many other enzymes are also present.

[7] The naming of enzymes using the suffix "-ase" has been traced to French scientist Émile Duclaux (1840-1904), who intended to honor the discoverers of diastase by introducing the practice in his book Traité de Microbiologie, vol. 2 (Paris, France: Masson and Co., 1899), Chapter 1, especially page 9.

[8] Foged, Jens (March 1935). "The diagnostic value of urine diastase". The American Journal of Surgery. 27 (3): 439–446. doi:10.1016/S0002-9610(35)91022-4.

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Diastase

Signifikansi klinis

Referensi

Pranala luar

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