Melatonin

Melatonin
Delwedd:Melatonin2.svg, Melatonin.svg
Enghraifft o:math o endid cemegol Edit this on Wikidata
Mathtryptamines, hormon Edit this on Wikidata
Màs232.121 uned Dalton Edit this on Wikidata
Fformiwla gemegolC₁₃h₁₆n₂o₂ edit this on wikidata
Rhan omelatonin receptor activity, melatonin binding, melatonin biosynthetic process, melatonin metabolic process, melatonin catabolic process, acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase activity Edit this on Wikidata
Yn cynnwysnitrogen, carbon Edit this on Wikidata
Dynodwyr
SMILESCc(=o)nccc1=cnc2=c1c=c(c=c2)oc edit this on wikidata
Freebase/M/01pxjm edit this on wikidata
Thesawrws y BNCF5544 edit this on wikidata
CAS73-31-4 edit this on wikidata
PubChem CID896 edit this on wikidata
ChEBI16796 edit this on wikidata
InChIInchi=1s/c13h16n2o2/c1-9(16)14-6-5-10-8-15-13-4-3-11(17-2)7-12(10)13/h3-4,7-8,15h,5-6h2,1-2h3,(h,14,16) edit this on wikidata
ChEMBLChembl45 edit this on wikidata
ChemSpider872 edit this on wikidata
UNIIJl5dk93rcl edit this on wikidata
ATCN05ch01 edit this on wikidata
KEGGD08170, c01598 edit this on wikidata
Llawlyfr Ligand224, 1357 edit this on wikidata
Rhif EC200-797-7 edit this on wikidata
Cofrestr Beilstein205542 edit this on wikidata
DrugbankDb01065 edit this on wikidata
ECHA100.000.725 edit this on wikidata
HMDBHmdb0001389 edit this on wikidata
PDB5i8f, 4qoi, 4qog, 2qx6, 2qx4, 2qwx edit this on wikidata
RxNorm CUI6711 edit this on wikidata
UMLS CUIC0025219 edit this on wikidata
NDF-RTN0000148757 edit this on wikidata
QuoraMelatonin edit this on wikidata
Tudalen Comin Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia

Hormon yw Melatonin sy'n cael ei gynhyrchu gan y corffyn pineol (ynghyd â lleoliadau eraill) ac sy'n rheoleiddio effröwch.[1] Mae hefyd yn wrthocsidydd nerthol ac yn rhyngweithio gyda'r system imiwnedd. Fel meddyginiaeth, mae'n cael ei ddefnyddio i drin anhunedd, ond mae amrywiaeth barn gymysg ynghylch ei effeithiolrwydd.[2]

Cafodd melatonin ei ddarganfod gyntaf mewn cysylltiad â'r mecanwaith sy'n galluogi rhai amffibiaid ac ymlusgiaid i newid lliw eu crwyn.[3][4] Mor gynnar â 1917, llwyddodd Carey Pratt McCord a Floyd P. Allen i ddarganfod bod bwydo echdynion o gorffynau pineol gwartheg yn goleuo crwyn penbyliaid trwy fagu'r melanofforau epidermol tywyll.[5][6]

Yn 1958, aeth yr athro mewn dermatoleg Aaron B. Lerner a chydweithwyr ym Mhrifysgol Yale, ati i ynysu'r hormon o'r echdyniadau o gorffynau pineol buchol yn y gobaith y byddai'n ddefnyddiol i drin afiechydon croen, a'i alw yn melatonin.[7] Yng nghanol y 1970au y darganfuwyd[8] bod cynhyrchu melatonin yn arddangos rhythm circadaidd mewn corffynau pineol dynol.

Yn 1993 y darganfuwyd bod melatonin yn wrthocsidydd.[9] Rhoddwyd patent i Richard Wurtman o MIT yn 1995 i'w ddefnyddio fel cymorth i gysgu.[10] O gwmpas yr un adeg, cafodd yr hormon lawer o sylw yn y wasg fel triniaeth bosibl i nifer o afiechydon.[11][12] Serch hynny, mae profion o'i effeithiolrwydd fel triniaeth ar gyfer amryw o afiechydon hyd yma wedi bod yn gymysg, gyda nifer yn amhendant neu'n amheus.

Cyfeiriadau

  1. ↑ "Melatonin". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 38 (3): 313–16. Mawrth 2006. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.08.020. PMID 16219483.
  2. ↑ "Management of Insomnia Disorder[Internet]". AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews 15 (16): EHC027–EF. 2015. PMID 26844312. "Evidence for benzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin agonists in the general adult population, and most pharmacologic interventions in older adults was generally insufficient"
  3. ↑ "Comparative aspects of the pineal/melatonin system of poikilothermic vertebrates". J. Pineal Res. 20 (4): 175–86. Mai 1996. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00256.x. PMID 8836950.
  4. ↑ "Melatonin, melatonin receptors and melanophores: a moving story". Pigment Cell Res. 17 (5): 454–60. October 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2004.00185.x. PMID 15357831.
  5. ↑ Encyclopedia of dietary supplements. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker. 2005. tt. 457–66. ISBN 978-0-8247-5504-1.
  6. ↑ "Evidences associating pineal gland function with alterations in pigmentation". J Exp Zool 23 (1): 206–24. Ionawr 1917. doi:10.1002/jez.1400230108. https://books.google.com/?id=OOM1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA207.
  7. ↑ "Isolation of melatonin and 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid from bovine pineal glands". J. Biol. Chem. 235: 1992–97. Gorffennaf 1960. PMID 14415935. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-chemistry_1960-07_235_7/page/1992.
  8. ↑ "Daily rhythm in human urinary melatonin". Science 187 (4172): 169–71. Gorffennaf 1975. Bibcode 1975Sci...187..169L. doi:10.1126/science.1167425. PMID 1167425. https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1975-01-17_187_4172/page/168.
  9. ↑ "Melatonin, hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage, and aging: a hypothesis". J. Pineal Res. 14 (4): 151–68. May 1993. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00498.x. PMID 8102180.
  10. ↑ US patent 5449683, Nodyn:Citation/authors, "Methods of inducing sleep using melatonin", issued 12 Medi 1995, assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology 
  11. ↑ Arendt J (Awst 2005). "Melatonin: characteristics, concerns, and prospects". J. Biol. Rhythms 20 (4): 291–303. doi:10.1177/0748730405277492. PMID 16077149. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-biological-rhythms_2005-08_20_4/page/291. "There is very little evidence in the short term for toxicity or undesirable effects in humans. The extensive promotion of the miraculous powers of melatonin in the recent past did a disservice to acceptance of its genuine benefits."
  12. ↑ Arendt J (Hydref 2000). "Melatonin, circadian rhythms, and sleep". N. Engl. J. Med. 343 (15): 1114–16. doi:10.1056/NEJM200010123431510. PMID 11027748. https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2000-10-12_343_15/page/1114.

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