PH
Mae pH yn cyfeirio at "pŵer Hydrogen" neu "potensial Hydrogen" ac mae'n fesur o asidedd hydoddiant dyfrllyd yn nhermau actifedd hydrogen. Er hynny, mewn hydoddiannau gwan, mae'n fwy cyfleus i amnewid actifedd yr ïonau hydrogen gyda molaredd (mol dm−3) yr ïonau hydrogen (nid yw hwn o reidrwydd yn fanwl gywir ar grynodiadau uwch). Cai sylwedd ei labelu'n asid os yw ei lefel pH yn is na 7 ac yn alcalïaidd os uwch na 7.
Diffinnir pH fel log negyddol crynodiad y protonau mewn hyddodiant:
- pH = -log10[H3O+ (aq)]
yn yr ecwilibriwm:
- HA (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq)
lle A = asid.
Cyflwynwyd y cysyniad hwn o raddfa pH gan y biocemegydd Danaidd Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen o Labordy Carlsberg, yn 1909.
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