1,3-Butanediol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH. With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a diol. The compound is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers. The compound is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid. It is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.[1][2][3] It is used in flavoring,[4] and as a precursor to some antibiotics.[5]
1,3-Butanediol has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.[15] 1,3 Butanediol, | quote = Also referred to as 1,3-Butylene glycol, maintains FDA GRAS status as a flavor molecule.[16]
^Frye GD, Chapin RE, Vogel RA, Mailman RB, Kilts CD, Mueller RA, et al. (February 1981). "Effects of acute and chronic 1,3-butanediol treatment on central nervous system function: a comparison with ethanol". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 216 (2): 306–314. PMID7193248.
^Stubbs BJ, et al. A randomized, open-label, cross-over pilot study investigating metabolic product kinetics of the palatable novel ketone ester, bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol, and bis-hexanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol ingestion in healthy adults. Toxicology Research and Application 2023; doi:10.1177/23978473231197835
^Deemer SE, Roberts BM, Smith DL, Plaisance EP, Philp A (July 2024). "Exogenous ketone esters as a potential therapeutic for treatment of sarcopenic obesity". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 327 (1): C140–C150. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00471.2023. PMID38766768.