Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoriclife forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2013.
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the suborder Aulophyllina. The type species is L. spitsbergensis; genus also includes L. longiseptatum.
A cheilostome bryozoan. Originally described as a species of Charixa; Dick, Sakamoto & Komatsu (2018) transferred this species to the genus Kenocharixa.[15]
A member of Plectambonitoidea belonging to the family Xenambonitidae. The type species is "Schuchertella" planissima Reed (1915); the subgenus also includes Aegiromena durbenensis Nikitin et al. (1980), "Chonetoidea" obliqua Jin & Chatterton (1997), Aegiromena ultima Havlíček (1967) and Aegiromena urbana Havlíček (1967).
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Eopholidostrophiidae. The type species is Eopholidostrophia (Megapholidostrophia) magnifica; the subgenus might also include Eopholidostrophia mediocostalis (Reed, 1905).
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is D. leonorae; genus also includes new species D. pattyana and D. carli, as well as "Ophiocten" seeweni Kutscher & Hary (1991).
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is "Ophiopholis" trispinosa Hess (1965); genus also includes new species I. hirokoae and I. fuersichi.
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is L. hystricarboris; genus also includes L. caeloscopus, L. coreytaylori, L. etteri, L. lukenederi, L. mastodon, L. mathcore, L. wolfii and L. varuna, as well as "Sinosura" fasciata Kutscher & Villier (2003).
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is "Ophiacantha" constricta Hess (1966); genus also includes "Ophiacantha" danica Rasmussen (1952) and "Ophiacantha" dorecki Hess (1962), as well as new species O. stans.
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is O. acklesi; genus also includes new species O. irimurai, as well as "Hemieuryale" argoviensis Hess (1966) and "Ophiosmilax" alternatus Kutscher & Jagt (2000).
A crinoid belonging to the group Disparida, possibly a member of the family Myelodactylidae. The type species is Simakocrinus facilis sp. nov (col.); genus also contains Simakocrinus diligens sp. nov (col.).
A gondolellidozarkodinid. A new genus for "Epigondolella" primitia Mosher (1970); genus also contains new species Primatella asymmetrica and Primatella conservativa.
A member of Pan-Cryptodira (the clade containing living cryptodirans and all turtles sharing a more recent common ancestor with them than with pleurodirans), possibly a xinjiangchelyid. The type species is Camerochelys vilanovai.
A turtle of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally described as a platysternid, but subsequently argued to be a member of Kinosternoidea.[102] The type species is Cardichelyon rogerwoodi.
A turtle of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally considered to be a relative of trionychids; Skutschas et al. (2017) considered it to be either a pan-trionychian (sister taxon to Trionychia) or a pan-carettochelyid.[110] The type species is Kappachelys okurai.
Originally described as an amphisbaenian; Čerňanský & Vasilyan (2024) tentatively assigned it to the family Lacertidae.[146] The type species is Camptognathosaurus parisiensis. Čerňanský & Vasilyan (2024) considered C. parisiensis to be a junior synonym of "Glyptosaurus" walbeckensisKuhn (1940), but maintained Camptognathosaurus as a distinct genus, resulting in a new combination Camptognathosaurus walbeckensis.[146]
A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement, assigned by Nydam (2013) to an informal paramacellodid-cordylidgrade.[144] The type species is Dakotasaurus gillettorum. The generic name turned out to be preoccupied by Dakotasaurus Branson & Mehl (1932); the lizard genus was subsequently renamed Dakotaseps.[149]
A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement, assigned by Nydam (2013) to an informal paramacellodid-cordylidgrade.[144] The type species is Monocnemodon syphakos.
A macrostomatan snake related to caenophidians. The type species is Kataria anisodonta. The generic name is preoccupied by Kataria Faubel (1983); Deshmukh et al. (2022) coined a replacement name Katariana.[161]
A member of Anomalocarididae (a group of animals with uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly stem-arthropods). The type species is Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis.
An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, argued by different authors to be a hydrozoan[198] or a Caulerpa-like alga.[199]
References
^Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN9780070887398. OCLC46769716.
^ abcdefghijklmnoEdward Chwieduk (2013). Palaeogeographical and palaeoecological significance of the Uppermost Carboniferous and Permian rugose corals of Spitsbergen. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. pp. 1–270. ISBN978-83-232-2556-0.
^Olga L. Kossovaya; Dieter Weyer (2018). "Lopingian corals from the Omolon Massif (Eastern Siberia), the northernmost Permian boreal Rugosa community". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 287 (2): 167–194. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0711.
^Shuji Niko; Yousuke Ibaraki; Jun-ichi Tazawa (2013). "Early Carboniferous tabulate corals from the Endothyra Zone of the Omi Limestone, Niigata Prefecture, central Japan". Science Reports of Niigata University. (Geology). 28: 15–22. hdl:10191/22751.
^Hannes Löser (2013). "An Early Albian shallow marine coral fauna from Southern France – insight into evolution and palaeobiogeography of Cretaceous corals". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (1): 1–43. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93....1L. doi:10.1007/s12549-012-0088-2. S2CID129091973.
^Shuji Niko (2013). "Early Carboniferous tabulate corals from the Hiroshimaphyllum toriyamai zone (late Visean to early Serpukhovian) of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Yamaguchi Prefecture". Bulletin of the Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History. 48: 9–13.
^Shuji Niko; Takehiko Haikawa; Masayuki Fujikawa (2013). "Additional material of tabulate corals from the Millerella yowarensis zone (Serpukhovian, Early Carboniferous) of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group in the Minami-dai area, Yamaguchi Prefecture". Bulletin of the Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History. 48: 15–18.
^T. Gary Gautier; Patrick N. Wyse Jackson; Frank K. McKinney (2013). "Adlatipora, A Distinctive New Acanthocladiid Bryozoan from the Permian of the Glass Mountains, Texas, U.S.A., and its Bearing on Fenestrate Astogeny and Growth". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (3): 444–455. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..444G. doi:10.1666/12-128.1. S2CID131394991.
^ abMatthew H. Dick; Toshifumi Komatsu; Reishi Takashima; Andrew N. Ostrovsky (2014). "A mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) shell-rubble bryozoan fauna from the Goshoura Group, Kyushu, Japan". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (4): 401–425. Bibcode:2014JSPal..12..401D. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.765926. S2CID84965867.
^Matthew H. Dick; Chika Sakamoto; Toshifumi Komatsu (2018). "Cheilostome Bryozoa from the Upper Cretaceous Himenoura Group, Kyushu, Japan". Paleontological Research. 22 (3): 239–264. doi:10.2517/2017PR022. S2CID134160944.
^ abcdEmanuela Di Martino; Paul D. Taylor (2013). "First bryozoan fauna from a tropical Cretaceous carbonate: Simsima Formation, United Arab Emirates–Oman border region". Cretaceous Research. 43: 80–96. Bibcode:2013CrRes..43...80D. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2013.02.004.
^ abcdefghijklmnopJiayu Rong; Bing Huang; Ren-Bin Zhan; David A.T. Harper (2013). "Latest Ordovician and earliest Silurian brachiopods succeeding the Hirnantia fauna in South-east China". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 90: 1–142. doi:10.1111/pala.12056 (inactive 31 January 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
^ abLeonid E. Popov; Robin M. Cocks (2013). "The radiation of early Silurian spiriferide brachiopods, with new taxa from the Llandovery of Iran". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 37 (4): 558–564. Bibcode:2013Alch...37..558P. doi:10.1080/03115518.2013.828254. S2CID129091057.
^Attila Vörös (2013). "Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous brachiopods from the Gerecse and Pilis Mountains (Hungary)". In István Főzy (ed.). Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous fauna, biostratigraphy, facies and deformation history of the carbonate formations in the Gerecse and Pilis Mountains (Transdanubian Range, Hungary). Főzy István. pp. 377–408. ISBN978-963-306-230-2.
^Michael G. Bassett; Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour; Leonid E. Popov; Mohammad-Reza Kebria-ee Zadeh (2013). "First report of craniide brachiopods in the Palaeozoic of Iran (Pseudocrania, Ordovician), and Early to Mid-Ordovician biogeography of the Craniida". Palaeontology. 56 (1): 209–216. Bibcode:2013Palgy..56..209B. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01186.x. S2CID140185763.
^Peter Müller; Gerhard Hahn; Jan Bohatý (2013). "Agelacrinitid Edrioasteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Middle Devonian of the Eifel (Rhenish Massif, Germany)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 87 (4): 455–472. Bibcode:2013PalZ...87..455M. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0170-8. S2CID128890606.
^ abcJeffrey R. Thompson; William I. Ausich; Legrand Smith (2013). "Echinoderms from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Bolivia (Malvinokaffric Realm)". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (1): 166–175. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..166T. doi:10.1666/12-068R.1. S2CID130529886.
^Thomas Saucede; Alain Bonnot; Didier Marchand; Philippe Courville (2013). "A Revision of the Rare Genus Cyclolampas (Echinoidea) Using Morphometrics with Description of a New Species from the Upper Callovian of Burgundy (France)". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (1): 105–122. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..105S. doi:10.1666/12-015R.1. S2CID131445283.
^Rudolf J. Prokop (2013). "Simakocrinus gen. nov. (Crinoidea, col.) from the Bohemian Early and Middle Devonian of the Barrandian Area (the Czech Republic)". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B-Historia Naturalis. 69 (1–2): 65–68.
^ abcdefghiFernando J. Zeballo; Guillermo L. Albanesi (2013). "New conodont species and biostratigraphy of the Santa Rosita Formation (upper Furongian–Tremadocian) in the Tilcara Range, Cordillera Oriental of Jujuy, Argentina". Geological Journal. 48 (2–3): 170–193. Bibcode:2013GeolJ..48..170Z. doi:10.1002/gj.2425. hdl:11336/52154. S2CID129382594.
^ abcSteven J. Rosscoe; James E. Barrick (2013). "North American species of the conodont genus Idiognathodus from the Moscovian-Kasimovian boundary composite sequence and correlation of the Moscovian-Kasimovian stage boundary". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 60: 354–371.
^Gustavo Gabriel Voldman; Guillermo Luis Albanesi; Fernando Javier Zeballo; Cesar Ruben Monaldi (2013). "Early Ordovician (Late Floian) conodonts from the Zenta range, Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina". Publicación Especial - Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. 13: 123–128. hdl:11336/3129.
^Gustavo G. Voldman; Guillermo L. Albanesi; Gladys Ortega; María Eugenia Giuliano; Carlos Ruben Monaldi (2017). "New conodont taxa and biozones from the Lower Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina". Geological Journal. 52 (3): 394–414. Bibcode:2017GeolJ..52..394V. doi:10.1002/gj.2766. S2CID131460368.
^Robert Holmes; David S. Berman; Jason S. Anderson (2013). "A new dissorophid (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea) from the Early Permian of New Mexico (United States)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 12 (7–8): 419–435. Bibcode:2013CRPal..12..419H. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2013.07.002.
^Hillary C. Maddin; Nadia B. Fröbisch; David C. Evans; Andrew R. Milner (2013). "Reappraisal of the Early Permian amphibamid Tersomius texensis and some referred material". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 12 (7–8): 447–461. Bibcode:2013CRPal..12..447M. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2013.06.007.
^Rainer R. Schoch; Hans-Dieter Sues (2013). "A new dissorophid temnospondyl from the Lower Permian of north-central Texas". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 12 (7–8): 437–445. Bibcode:2013CRPal..12..437S. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2013.04.002.
^Andrew R. Milner; Rainer R. Schoch (2013). "Trimerorhachis (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Texas and New Mexico: cranial osteology, taxonomy and biostratigraphy". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 270 (1): 91–128. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0360.
^Sabine Glienke (2013). "A taxonomic revision of Batropetes (Amphibia, Microsauria) from the Rotliegend (basal Permian) of Germany". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 269 (1): 73–96. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0336.
^ abAdam K. Huttenlocker; Jason D. Pardo; Bryan J. Small; Jason S. Anderson (2013). "Cranial morphology of recumbirostrans (Lepospondyli) from the Permian of Kansas and Nebraska, and early morphological evolution inferred by micro-computed tomography". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 540–552. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..540H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.728998. S2CID129144343.
^Amy C. Henrici; Ana M. Báez & Lance Grande (2013). "Aerugoamnis paulus, New Genus and New Species (Anura: Anomocoela): First Reported Anuran from the Early Eocene (Wasatchian) Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation, Wyoming". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 81 (4): 295–309. doi:10.2992/007.081.0402. S2CID85141207.
^Davit Vasilyan; Madelaine Böhme; Viacheslav M. Chkhikvadze; Yuriy A. Semenov; Walter G. Joyce (2013). "A new giant salamander (Urodela, Pancryptobrancha) from the Miocene of Eastern Europe (Grytsiv, Ukraine)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 301–318. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..301V. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.722151. S2CID85930910.
^Igor G. Danilov; Elena V. Syromyatnikova; Pavel P. Skutschas; Tatyana M. Kodrul; Jianhua Jin (2013). "The first 'true' Adocus (Testudines, Adocidae) from the Paleogene of Asia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (5): 1071–1080. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33.1071D. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.768254. S2CID84373018.
^ abcdeJ. Howard Hutchison (2013). "New Turtles from the Paleogene of North America". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 477–497. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_26. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Robert E. Weems; James L. Knight (2013). "A New Species of Bairdemys (Pelomedusoides: Podocnemididae) from the Oligocene (Early Chattian) Chandler Bridge Formation of South Carolina, USA, and Its Paleobiogeographic Implications for the Genus". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 289–303. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_18. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^ abRobert M. Sullivan; Steven E. Jasinski; Spencer G. Lucas (2013). "Re-Assessment of Late Campanian (Kirtlandian) Turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 337–387. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_20. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Haiyan Tong; Peter Meylan (2013). "Morphology and Relationships of Brachyopsemys tingitana gen. Et sp. Nov. From the Early Paleocene of Morocco and Recognition of the New Eucryptodiran Turtle Family: Sandownidae". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 187–212. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_13. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^A. Pérez-García; X. Murelaga (2013). "Camerochelys vilanovai gen. et sp. nov., a new pan-cryptodiran turtle in the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Range (Spain)". Cretaceous Research. 41: 143–149. Bibcode:2013CrRes..41..143P. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.12.002.
^Donald B. Brinkman; Chong-Xi Yuan; Qiang Ji; Da-Qing Li; Hai-Lu You (2013). "A new turtle from the Xiagou Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Changma Basin, Gansu Province, P. R. China". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (3): 367–382. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93..367B. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0113-0. S2CID129904471.
^ abRobert E. Weems; Reed A. George (2013). "Amphibians and nonmarine turtles from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (USA)". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (4): 570–588. Bibcode:2013JPal...87..570W. doi:10.1666/12-071. S2CID86171253.
^Wilailuck Naksri; Haiyan Tong; Komsorn Lauprasert; Varavudh Suteethorn; Julien Claude (2013). "A new species of Cuora (Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Miocene of Thailand and its evolutionary significance". Geological Magazine. 150 (5): 908–922. Bibcode:2013GeoM..150..908N. doi:10.1017/S0016756812001082. S2CID85781762.
^Ren Hirayama; Shinji Isaji; Tsuyoshi Hibino (2013). "Kappachelys okurai gen. Et sp. Nov., a New Stem Soft-Shelled Turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Japan". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 179–185. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_12. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Pavel P. Skutschas; Elizaveta A. Boitsova; Gennady O. Cherepanov; Igor G. Danilov (2017). "Shell bone histology of the pan-carettochelyid turtle Kizylkumemys schultzi from the Upper Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and shell bone morphology transformations in the evolution of pan-trionychian turtles". Cretaceous Research. 79: 171–181. Bibcode:2017CrRes..79..171S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.07.010.
^Paul C. Sereno; Sara J. ElShafie (2013). "A New Long-Necked Turtle, Laganemys tenerensis (Pleurodira: Araripemydidae), from the Elrhaz Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Niger". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 215–250. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_14. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Adán Pérez-García; France de Lapparent de Broin (2013). "A new species of Neochelys (Chelonii, Podocnemididae) from the Ypresian (Early Eocene) of the South of France". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 12 (5): 269–277. Bibcode:2013CRPal..12..269P. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2013.05.011.
^Derek W. Larson; Nicholas R. Longrich; David C. Evans; Michael J. Ryan (2013). "A New Species of Neurankylus from the Milk River Formation (Cretaceous: Santonian) of Alberta, Canada, and a Revision of the Type Species N. Eximius". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 389–405. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_21. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Georgios L. Georgalis; Evangelos Velitzelos; Dimitrios E. Velitzelos; Benjamin P. Kear (2013). "Nostimochelone lampra gen. Et sp. Nov., an Enigmatic New Podocnemidoidean Turtle from the Early Miocene of Northern Greece". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 277–287. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_17. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Lu Li; Haiyan Tong; Kebai Wang; Shuqing Chen; Xing Xu (2013). "Lindholmemydid turtles (Cryptodira: Testudinoidea) from the Late Cretaceous of Shandong Province, China". Annales de Paléontologie. 99 (3): 243–259. Bibcode:2013AnPal..99..243L. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2013.07.003.
^Haiyan Tong; Donald Brinkman (2013). "A new species of Sinemys (Testudines: Cryptodira: Sinemydidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (3): 355–366. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93..355T. doi:10.1007/s12549-012-0110-8. S2CID17983142.
^Elizabeth T. Smith; Benjamin P. Kear (2013). "Spoochelys ormondea gen. Et sp. Nov., an Archaic Meiolaniid-Like Turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Lightning Ridge, Australia". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 121–146. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_9. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Jason R. Bourque (2013). "Fossil Kinosternidae from the Oligocene and Miocene of Florida, USA". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 459–475. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_25. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Donald B. Brinkman; David A. Eberth; Xing Xu; James M. Clark; Xiao-Chun Wu (2013). "Turtles from the Jurassic Shishugou Formation of the Junggar Basin, People's Republic of China, with Comments on the Basicranial Region of Basal Eucryptodires". In Donald B. Brinkman; Patricia A. Holroyd; James D. Gardner (eds.). Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. pp. 147–172. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_10. ISBN978-94-007-4308-3.
^Robin S. Cuthbertson; Anthony P. Russell & Jason S. Anderson (2013). "Cranial morphology and relationships of a new grippidian (Ichthyopterygia) from the Vega-Phroso Siltstone Member (Lower Triassic) of British Columbia, Canada". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (4): 831–847. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..831C. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.755989. S2CID131501541.
^ abOliver Hampe (2013). "The forgotten remains of a leptocleidid plesiosaur (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauroidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Gronau (Münsterland, Westphalia, Germany)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 87 (4): 473–491. Bibcode:2013PalZ...87..473H. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0175-3. S2CID129834688.
^Bruce A. Schumacher; Kenneth Carpenter; Michael J. Everhart (2013). "A new Cretaceous Pliosaurid (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Carlile Shale (middle Turonian) of Russell County, Kansas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 613–628. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33..613S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.722576. S2CID130165209.
^ abRandall L. Nydam; Timothy B. Rowe; Richard L. Cifelli (2013). "Lizards and snakes of the Terlingua Local Fauna (late Campanian), Aguja Formation, Texas, with comments on the distribution of paracontemporaneous squamates throughout the Western Interior of North America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (5): 1081–1099. Bibcode:2013JVPal..33.1081N. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.760467. S2CID86519841.
^Alexandra Houssaye; Jean-Claude Rage; Fidel Torcida Fernández-Baldor; Pedro Huerta; Nathalie Bardet; Xabier Pereda Suberbiola (2013). "A new varanoid squamate from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian) of Burgos, Spain". Cretaceous Research. 41: 127–135. Bibcode:2013CrRes..41..127H. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.11.005.
^ abcdefghiKrister T. Smith; Jacques A. Gauthier (2013). "Early Eocene Lizards of the Wasatch Formation near Bitter Creek, Wyoming: Diversity and Paleoenvironment during an Interval of Global Warming". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 54 (2): 135–230. doi:10.3374/014.054.0205. S2CID140180346.
^ abcdefghijRandall L. Nydam (2013). "Lizards and Snakes from the Cenomanian through Campanian of Southern Utah: Filling the Gap in the Fossil Record of Squamata from the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of North America". In Alan L. Titus; Mark A. Loewen (eds.). At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah. Indiana University Press. pp. 370–423. ISBN978-0-253-00896-1.
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