5'-3' exoribonuclease 2

XRN2
Identifiers
Aliases	XRN2, entrez:22803, 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2
External IDs	OMIM: 608851; MGI: 894687; HomoloGene: 6927; GeneCards: XRN2; OMA:XRN2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	21,389,825 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	146,919,920 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; ganglionic eminence; ; gonad; ; islet of Langerhans; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; Achilles tendon; ; appendix; ; gallbladder; ; ventricular zone; ; stromal cell of endometrium;
	Top expressed in
	tail of embryo; ; yolk sac; ; Gonadal ridge; ; ventricular zone; ; ganglionic eminence; ; neural layer of retina; ; mandibular prominence; ; maxillary prominence; ; abdominal wall; ; spermatid;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding; 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity; 5'-3' exonuclease activity; metal ion binding; protein binding; nucleic acid binding; nuclease activity; transcription termination site sequence-specific DNA binding; exonuclease activity; hydrolase activity; 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity; RNA binding;
Cellular component	membrane; aggresome; nucleolus; nucleus; nucleoplasm;
Biological process	RNA processing; regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; DNA-templated transcription, termination; mRNA processing; RNA catabolic process; transcription, DNA-templated; DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic; spermatogenesis; RNA metabolic process; nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process; neuron differentiation; retina development in camera-type eye; rRNA processing; RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, exonucleolytic; hippocampus development;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	22803
	24128
	ENSG00000088930
	ENSMUSG00000027433
	Q9H0D6
	Q9DBR1
	NM_012255; NM_001317960
	NM_011917; NM_001356402; NM_001356403
	NP_001304889; NP_036387
	NP_036047; NP_001343331; NP_001343332
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) also known as Dhm1-like protein is an exoribonuclease enzyme that in humans is encoded by the XRN2 gene.^[5]

The human gene encoding XRN2 shares similarity with the mouse Dhm1 and the yeast's Dhp1 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) or RAT1 (Saccharomyces) genes. The yeast gene is involved in homologous recombination and RNA metabolism, such as RNA synthesis and RNA trafficking and termination.^[6] Complementation studies show that Dhm1 has a similar function in mouse as Dhp1.

Function

Human XRN2 is involved in the torpedo model of transcription termination.^[7]

The C. elegans homologue, XRN-2, is involved in the degradation of certain mature miRNAs and their dislodging from miRISC miRNAs.^[8]

In yeast, the Rat1 protein has been shown to also be involved in the torpedo transcription termination model. When a polyadenylation site has been detected on the nascent RNA and cleaved by the RNA polymerase II, the Rtt103 factor recruits Rat1 and attaches it to free end. The exonuclease activity of Rat1 degrades the RNA strand and halts transcriptions upon catching up to the polymerase.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000088930 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027433 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Zhang M, Yu L, Xin Y, Hu P, Fu Q, Yu C, Zhao S (July 1999). "Cloning and mapping of the XRN2 gene to human chromosome 20p11.1-p11.2". Genomics. 59 (2): 252–4. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5866. PMID 10409438.
^ ^a ^b David Tollervey (November 2004). "Termination by torpedo". Nature. 432 (7016): 456–457. doi:10.1038/432456a. PMID 15565140. S2CID 6823163.
^ West S, Gromak N, Proudfoot NJ (November 2004). "Human 5' --> 3' exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites". Nature. 432 (7016): 522–5. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..522W. doi:10.1038/nature03035. PMID 15565158. S2CID 4365304.
^ Chatterjee S, Grosshans H (September 2009). "Active turnover modulates mature microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. 461 (7263): 546–9. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..546C. doi:10.1038/nature08349. PMID 19734881. S2CID 4414841.

External links

Human XRN2 genome location and XRN2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

External links

XRN2+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article on a gene on human chromosome 20 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000088930 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027433 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10409438-5] Zhang M, Yu L, Xin Y, Hu P, Fu Q, Yu C, Zhao S (July 1999). "Cloning and mapping of the XRN2 gene to human chromosome 20p11.1-p11.2". Genomics. 59 (2): 252–4. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5866. PMID 10409438.

[torpedo-6] David Tollervey (November 2004). "Termination by torpedo". Nature. 432 (7016): 456–457. doi:10.1038/432456a. PMID 15565140. S2CID 6823163.

[pmid15565158-7] West S, Gromak N, Proudfoot NJ (November 2004). "Human 5' --> 3' exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites". Nature. 432 (7016): 522–5. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..522W. doi:10.1038/nature03035. PMID 15565158. S2CID 4365304.

[pmid19734881-8] Chatterjee S, Grosshans H (September 2009). "Active turnover modulates mature microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. 461 (7263): 546–9. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..546C. doi:10.1038/nature08349. PMID 19734881. S2CID 4414841.

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5'-3' exoribonuclease 2

Function

See also

References

External links

Further reading

External links