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Aklanon language

Aklanon
Aklan
Akeanon
Binisaya nga Akeanon
Inakeanon
Native toPhilippines
RegionAklan, northwestern Capiz, northern Antique, and southern Romblon
EthnicityAklanon
Native speakers
560,000 (2010)[1][needs update]
Dialects
  • Aklanon, Malaynon
Latin;
Historically Baybayin
Official status
Official language in
Regional language in the Philippines
Regulated byKomisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
akl – Aklanon [2]
mlz – Malaynon
Glottologakla1240  Aklanon
Area where Aklanon is spoken

Aklanon (Akeanon), also known as Bisaya/Binisaya nga Aklanon/Inaklanon or simply Aklan, is an Austronesian language of the Bisayan subgroup spoken by the Aklanon people in the province of Aklan on the island of Panay in the Philippines. Its unique feature among other Bisayan languages is the close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ] occurring as part of diphthongs and traditionally written with the letter ⟨Ee⟩ such as in the autonyms Akean and Akeanon. However, this phoneme is also present in other but geographically scattered and distant Philippine languages, namely Itbayat, Isneg, Manobo, Samal and Sagada.[3]

The Malaynon dialect is 93% lexically similar to Aklanon and has retained the "l" sounds, which elsewhere are often pronounced as "r".[4]

Phonology

Aklanon has 21 phonemes. There are 17 consonants: p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, l, r, w, y, the glottal stop ʔ, and the voiced velar fricative ɣ. There are six vowels: the three native vowels i, a, and u, which are typical for a Bisayan vowel inventory, the additional e and o for loanwords and common nouns, and a distinct phoneme argued by Zorc (2005) to be a close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ].[3]

Vowels

Table of vowel phonemes of Aklanon
Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded
Close i u
Mid ɛ ɤ o
Open a ~ ɐ

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palato-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop p b t d k g ʔ
Affricate (t͡s) (d͡z) (t͡ʃ) (d͡ʒ)
Fricative (f) (v) s (z) (ʃ) ɣ h
Approximant l j w
Flap ɾ ~ r

/t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/ from loanwords can also be heard as palatal stops [c, ɟ]. /l/ can also be heard as [ɫ] and can also alternate with [d].

Common phrases

Akeanon Malaynon English
Hay Hay Hi/Hello
Mayad-ayad nga agahon Mayad nga agahon Good morning
Mayad-ayad nga hapon Mayad nga hapon Good afternoon
Mayad-ayad nga gabi-i Mayad nga gabi-i Good night
Mayad-ayad nga adlaw Mayad nga adlaw Good day
Saeamat Salamat Thanks
Mayad man Mayad man I am fine
Pangabay Pangabay Please
Hu-o Hu-o Yes
Bukon/ayaw/indi Bukon/indi No
Owa Owa None
Paalin? Paiwan? How?
Hin-uno? San-o? When?
Siin Diin Where?
Sin-o Sin-o Who?
Ano? Iwan? What?
Alin? Diin? Which?
Ham-an? Basi? Why?
Kamusta ka eon? Kamusta kaw eon? How are you?
Ano ing pangaean? Ano imong ngaean? What is your name?
Siin ka gaadto? Diin ‘kaw maayan? Where are you going?
Hin-uno ka gapanaw? San-o ‘kaw mapanaw? When are you leaving?
Anong oras eon? Anong oras eon? What time is it?
Tig-pila ea? Tag-pila dya? How much is this?
Man-o ra?/Pila daya?/Pila raya? Pila dya? What is the price? (monetary)
Bak-eon ko raya Bakeon ko dya I will buy this
Kagwapa ka gid-ing Inay nga gwapa guid imo You are beautiful
Kagwapo ka gid-ing Inay nga gwapo guid imo You are handsome
Kabuot ka gid-ing Kabuoton guid imo You are kind
Maalam ka gid-ing Inay nga aeam guid imo You are smart
Ta eon Mus ta Let's go
Dalia/Bakasa/Dasiga Dasiga Hurry up
Balik eon kita Balik 'ta eon Let's go back
Uwa tang kaeobot Uwa takon kaeubot I do not understand
Owa tang kasayud Uwa takon kasayud I do not know
Gusto ko ro maeamig nga tubi Ila akon it tubi nga eamig I'd like cold water
Gutom eon ako Gutom akon I am hungry
Taeon ma kaon Kaon taeon Let's eat
Kanami eo pagkaon Sadya ang pagkaon The food is delicious
Owa ako't kwarta Uwa akon it kuarta I have no money
Kaumangon kat ing Umang kat imo You are crazy
Gahinibayag ka gid-ing Gahibayag imo You are laughing
Magamit ko it banyo Pagamit bi ko it kasilyas I need to use the toilet
Mapanaw eon kita Panaw ta eon We are going
Si-in dapit ing baeay? Diin imong baeay? Where is your house located?
Si-in ka gatinir? Diin imo gauli? Where are you staying?
Mag dahan ka Andam imo Take care

Philippine national proverb

Here is the Philippine national proverb in various languages.[5]

  • Tagalog: Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.
  • Akeanon: Ro uwa' gatan-aw sa anang ginhalinan hay indi makaabut sa anang ginapaeangpan.
  • Malaynon: Ang indi kausoy magbalikid sa anang hinalinan hay indi makaabut sa anang paayanan.
  • Hiligaynon: Ang indi makahibalo magbalikid sang iya ginhalinan, indi makaabot sa iya padulungan.
  • English: He who does not look back where he came from, will never reach his destination.

Numbers

Number Akeanon/Malaynon Hiligaynon Tagalog English
1 Isaea/Isya (Malaynon) Isá Isa One
2 Daywa Duhá Dalawa Two
3 Tatlo Tátlo Tatlo Three
4 Ap-at Ápat Apat Four
5 Li-má Limá Lima Five
6 An-om Ánum Anim Six
7 Pitó Pitó Pito Seven
8 Waeo Waló Walo Eight
9 Siyám Siyám Siyam Nine
10 Púeo Pulò/Napulò Sampu Ten

Literature

Note: All these poems were written by Melchor F. Cichon, an Aklanon poet.

  • "Ambeth". Philippine Panorama, August 14, 1994.
  • "Emergency Room". The Aklan Reporter, December 7, 1994, p. 10
  • "Eva, Si Adan!" (Finalist Sa Unang Premyo Openiano A. Italia Competition, January 1993, Duenas, Iloilo)
  • "Ham-at Madueom Ro Gabii Inay?" Philippine Panorama, March 27, 1994, p. 29. (First Aklanon poem published in the Philippine Panorama), also in The Aklan Reporter, April 6, 1994, p. 8.
  • "Hin-uno Pa". The Aklan Reporter, February 23, 1994, p. 8. Also in Ani December 1993, p. 44
  • "Inay". Philippine Collegian, October 4, 1973, p. 3 (First Aklanon poem in the Philippine Collegian)
  • "Limog sa Idaeom". Ani December 1993, p. 48
  • "Mamunit Ako Inay". The Aklan Reporter, December 28, 1994, p. 10
  • "Manog-Uling". The Aklan Reporter July 29, 1992, p. 9. Also in Ani December 1993, p. 50
  • "Owa't Kaso", Saeamat. Mantala 3:97 2000
  • "Ro Bantay". The Aklan Reporter, September 6, 1995, p. 7
  • "Competition", March 13, 1998, UPV Auditorium, Iloilo City
  • "Sa Pilapil It Tangke". Ani December 1994, p. 46
  • "Toto, Pumailaya Ka". Pagbutlak (First Aklanon in Pagbutlak)
  • "Welga". Mantala 3:99 2000

Learning resources

  • "Five-language Dictionary (Panay Island)" ISBN 971-9023-25-2, 2003 Roman dela Cruz Kalibo, Aklan
  • "A grammar of Aklan". 1971. Chai, Nemia Melgarejo. Ann Arbor: UMI. (Doctoral dissertation, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania; xiv+229pp.)
  • "Aklanon". 1995. Zorc, R. David. In Darrell T. Tryon (ed.), Comparative Austronesian dictionary: an introduction to Austronesian studies: Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 359–362.
  • "A study of the Aklanon dialect" / Authors: Beato A. de la Cruz, R. David Paul Zorc, Vicente Salas Reyes, & Nicolas L. Prado; Public Domain 1968-1969; Kalibo, Aklan
    • "Vol.I Grammar" Smithsonian Institution Libraries call# 39088000201871 (Full text on ERIC)
    • 'Vol.II A Dictionary (of root words and derivations) Aklanon to English" Smithsonian Institution Libraries call# 39088000201889 (Full text on ERIC)
  • "The functions of ‘hay’ in Aklanon narrative discourse". 1990. Brainard, Sherri and Poul Jensen.
  • "A preliminary study of demonstratives in Aklanon narratives". 1992. Jensen, Kristine and Rodolfo R. Barlaan.

References

  1. ^ "2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A - Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables)" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  2. ^ "Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: akl". ISO 639-3 Registration Authority – SIL International. Retrieved 2017-07-06. Name: Aklanon
  3. ^ a b Beato A. de la Cruz; R. David Paul Zorc (1968). A Study of the Aklanon Dialect. Volume 1: Grammar (PDF). Washington, DC: Peace Corps.
  4. ^ "Malaynon, A language of the Philippines". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
  5. ^ "The Philippine National Proverb". Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Akeanon.
Aklanon language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
For a list of words relating to Aklanon language, see the Aklanon language category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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