Constantin Ion Parhon (Romanian pronunciation:[konstanˈtiniˈonparˈhon]ⓘ; 15 October 1874 – 9 August 1969) was a Romanian neuropsychiatrist, endocrinologist and politician. He was the first head of state of the Romanian People's Republic from 1947 to 1952. Parhon was President of the Physicians and Naturalists Society in Iași, director of medical institutes, professor, and a titular member of the Romanian Academy.
After completing his studies and obtaining his doctorate, he worked as a doctor at the "Rallet" Rural Hospital in Dâmbovița county ( 1901 - 1902 ) and then as a secondary doctor at the Pantelimon Hospital ( 1903 - 1909 ). During this period, he became a professor at the Clinic for Nervous Diseases in Bucharest (1903), following a training course in Munich ( 1906 ). Then, he became primary doctor at the Mărcuța Hospice (1909-1912 ) .
He is employed in higher medical education, as a university professor of neurology and psychiatry at the Faculty of Medicine in Iași (1913-1933 ) and of the endocrinology clinic at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest (1933-1940 and 1944-1958 ) .
Parhon taught Neurology and Psychiatry at the School of Medicine of the University of Iași (1912–1933), and, from 1933, Endocrinology at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Bucharest. Parhon was the founder of the Romanian school of endocrinology. In 1909, he co-authored with Moise Goldstein the first book on endocrinology, Secrețiile Interne ("Internal Secretions"). Later on, he published a Handbook of Endocrinology, co-written with M. Goldstein and Ștefan-Marius Milcu (3 volumes, 1945–1949). Parhon published over 400 titles, and was known for his encyclopaedic knowledge. Besides the afore-mentioned works, some of his other well-known works are Old Age and Its Treatment (1948), The Age Biology (1955), and Selected Works (5 volumes, 1954–1962). He was an honorary member of the Soviet, Bulgarian and East German academies, as well as the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, as well as several foreign scientific societies. In 1948, he was awarded an honorary doctorate of the University of Prague.
Politics
As a socialist militant who, according to his own testimony, was influenced by the works of Karl Marx in his teens,[2] Parhon was one of the founders of a Laborer Party (Partidul Muncitoresc), a short-lived group that fused into the left-wingPeasants' Party in 1919.[3] A short while after the fusion, Parhon split with the group and became politically inclined toward the Workers' Party of Romania.
After the forced abdication of KingMichael I on 30 December 1947, the Deputies' Assembly adopted Law No. 363, through which Romania became a People's Republic and the 1923 Constitution was repealed. The same law provided for a Presidium composed of five members (elected by the Deputies' Assembly) to exercise the executive powers in the state; alongside Parhon, its members were Mihail Sadoveanu, Ștefan Voitec, Gheorghe Stere, and Ion Niculi. Shortly afterwards, Parhon became the President of the Presidium, thus becoming Romania's head of state.
On 13 April 1948, the Parliament adopted a new Constitution, which borrowed heavily from the Soviet model of 1936[5] and entrusted the supreme powers to the Great National Assembly – which in turn elected a Presidium, composed of a president, three vice-presidents, a secretary and 14 members. The same day, Parhon was elected as President of the Presidium, though the real power in the state was exercised by the Romanian Workers' Party and its First Secretary, Gheorghe Gheorgiu-Dej. On 22 August 1950, he issued a decree (together with Marin Florea Ionescu) whereby Brașov was renamed Orașul Stalin (Stalin City), "in honor of the great genius of working humanity, the leader of the Soviet people, the liberator and beloved friend of our people, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin."
Parhon was a member of the Romanian Academy and other scientific societies. He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and received the State Prize. He liked to be referred to as a "citizen-scientist".
Death
Decree by Parhon (co-signed by M.F. Ionescu) changing the name of Brașov to Stalin City
He resigned from political office in June 1952, dedicating the rest of his life to scientific research. He was buried in the round hall of The Monument of the Heroes for the Freedom of the People and of the Motherland, for Socialism in Bucharest's Carol Park. In the aftermath of the Romanian Revolution of December 1989, his remains were exhumed in 1991, and interred in another cemetery.
Legacy
He remained in public knowledge as Doctor Constantin I. Parhon, founder of the Romanian school of endocrinology, active full member and honorary president (1948-1969) of the Romanian Academy.
Adrian Cioroianu, Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc ("On the Shoulders of Marx. An Incursion into the History of Romanian Communism"), Editura Curtea Veche, Bucharest, 2005
Vasile Niculae, Ion Ilincioiu, Stelian Neagoe, Doctrina țărănistă în România. Antologie de texte ("Peasant doctrine in Romania. Collected Texts"), Editura Noua Alternativă, Social Theory Institute of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, 1994