Woman with slogan and a hammer and sickle symbol with a fork instead of a hammer (Madrid, 2012)
"Eat the rich" is a political slogan associated with anti-capitalism and left-wing politics, as well as sometimes anarchist violent extremism.[1] It may variously be used as a metaphor for class conflict, a demand for wealth redistribution. The phrase is commonly attributed to political philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, from a quote first popularized during the French Revolution: "When the people shall have nothing more to eat, they will eat the rich".
Rousseau faisait parti du peuple aussi, et il disait: 'Quand le peuple n'aura plus rien à manger, il mangera le riche.'[2]
Rousseau, who was also one of the people, said: 'When the people shall have nothing more to eat, they will eat the rich.'
The phrase was initially a criticism of the French nobility, but it was later popularized in France as a response to the perceived failures of the French Revolution that perpetuated poverty in the country.[3]
Modern usage
In the 21st century, the phrase is used in response to the increasing wealth inequality and food insecurity. In the United States, the phrase was used by the crowd at a rally for progressive Democratic candidate Elizabeth Warren in 2019 in approval of Warren's positions on wealth redistribution, including her position on the wealth tax.[3]
The phrase has trended on major social networks online. It became prominent on TikTok around 2019, with users posting videos critical of the rich.[3] Many of these videos also targeted more mundane first world behavior, directing the phrase toward people who study abroad, pay for a Spotify subscription, or have a second refrigerator. In many cases, these videos were produced to demonstrate hypocrisy of those who use the phrase while enjoying the comforts of a first world society.[5] Usage of the phrase was noted to have increased following the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020.[6]
In 2022, Amazon union leader Christian Smalls wore a jacket which said 'Eat the Rich' to the White House when he met President Joe Biden.[7]
In 2023, United Auto Workers president Shawn Fain adopted the phrase for GM, Ford, and Stellantis employees' fight for increased wages and benefits in Detroit.[8]
In May 2024, a boycott started urging customers to shop elsewhere and avoid Loblaws in order to cut costs and support independent grocers.[9]
Rainer Zitelmann, a real estate expert, argues that language like "Eat the Rich" is prejudicial, perpetuating stereotypes, and engaging in classism.[16] He also says that it can serve to dehumanize people wealthier than the speaker and poses risks of inciting violence.[17] Left-wing critics of the term argue that it is used hypocritically by those in the middle class that have relatively comfortable lives.[5]