Growth hormone secretagogue
Class of drugs
Growth hormone secretagogues or GH secretagogues (GHSs ) are a class of drugs which act as secretagogues (i.e., induce the secretion ) of growth hormone (GH).[1] They include agonists of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), such as ghrelin (lenomorelin), pralmorelin (GHRP-2), GHRP-6 , examorelin (hexarelin), ipamorelin ,[2] and ibutamoren (MK-677),[1] [3] and agonists of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR), such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, somatorelin), CJC-1295 ,[4] sermorelin ,[5] and tesamorelin .[6]
Many of them also induce the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),[7] as well as of other hypothalamic-pituitary hormones such as prolactin and cortisol . The main clinical application of these agents is the treatment of growth hormone deficiency .[8] They also see black market use, similarly to anabolic steroids , for bodybuilding purposes.
GHRH receptor agonists
Peptide
Ghrelin (GHS) receptor agonists
Peptide
Non-peptide
Note that while ulimorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist, it is not a GHS as it is peripherally selective and has little or no effect on GH secretion.[9]
Likewise, Adenosine is capable of eliciting hunger response as a ghrelin agonist but has little to no effect on GH secretion.
See also
References
^ a b Davenport AP, Bonner TI, Foord SM, Harmar AJ, Neubig RR, Pin JP, et al. (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. LVI. Ghrelin receptor nomenclature, distribution, and function". Pharmacological Reviews . 57 (4): 541–6. doi :10.1124/pr.57.4.1 . PMID 16382107 . S2CID 11254096 .
^ Curtis Miller. "Ipamorelin Peptide" . Prime Peptides . Retrieved 2024-02-27 .
^ Camanni F, Ghigo E, Arvat E (January 1998). "Growth hormone-releasing peptides and their analogs". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology . 19 (1): 47–72. doi :10.1006/frne.1997.0158 . PMID 9465289 . S2CID 31400577 .
^ Teichman, SL; et al. (2006). "Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults" . J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 91 (3): 799–805. doi :10.1210/jc.2005-1536 . PMID 16352683 .
^ Prakash A, Goa KL (August 1999). "Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency". BioDrugs . 12 (2): 139–57. doi :10.2165/00063030-199912020-00007 . PMID 18031173 .
^ Mauss, Stefan; Schmutz, Günther (2001). "Das HIV-assoziierte Lipodystrophiesyndrom". Medizinische Klinik . 96 (7): 391–401. doi :10.1007/PL00002220 . PMID 11494914 .
^ Mutschler, Ernst (2013). Arzneimittelwirkungen (in German) (10 ed.). Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 353. ISBN 978-3-8047-2898-1 .
^ Alexopoulou O, Abs R, Maiter D (2010). "Treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: who, why and how? A review". Acta Clin Belg . 65 (1): 13–22. doi :10.1179/acb.2010.002 . PMID 20373593 . S2CID 24874132 .
^ Fraser GL, Hoveyda HR, Tannenbaum GS (2008). "Pharmacological demarcation of the growth hormone, gut motility and feeding effects of ghrelin using a novel ghrelin receptor agonist" . Endocrinology . 149 (12): 6280–8. doi :10.1210/en.2008-0804 . PMID 18719021 .