After graduating from law school, Jarbou served as an assistant prosecuting attorney in the Oakland County Prosecutor's Office, where she prosecuted general felony offenses, homicides, child sexual assault, and high-profile felony cases. In 2010, she became an Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan, where she prosecuted cases involving drug and firearms offenses, child pornography, and high-level drug trafficking.[3] She was an associate professor of the Paralegal Program at Oakland University from April–July 2005.[4]
On March 11, 2020, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Jarbou to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan. On March 18, 2020, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Jarbou to the seat vacated by Judge Robert Holmes Bell, who assumed senior status on January 31, 2017.[7] A hearing on her nomination before the Senate Judiciary Committee was held on June 24, 2020.[8] On July 30, 2020, her nomination was reported out of committee by a 18–4 vote.[9] On September 9, 2020, the United States Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by an 80–15 vote.[10] On September 10, 2020, her nomination was confirmed by an 83–15 vote.[11] She received her judicial commission on September 23, 2020. She became chief judge on July 18, 2022.[12]