In 2016, Raymond assumed command of the Air Force Space Command and, in 2019, assumed additional duties as unified combatant command commander following the reestablishment of the U.S. Space Command. When the U.S. Space Force was established, he became the first chief of space operations. He also became the first member of the Space Force, ending his over 35 years of service in the Air Force.
For his work in leading the initial building of the Space Force, Raymond has been described as the "father of the Space Force". As the first chief of space operations, he oversaw the standup of new Space Force organizations, transfer of personnel from other military branches, consolidation of space units from other services, and setting its culture. He relinquished his post as chief of space operations in 2022 and retired from military service in 2023.
In 1997, after attending Air Command and Staff College, Raymond was stationed at the Pentagon first as a space and missile Force programmer at the Air Force headquarters and then as chief of expeditionary aerospace force space and program integration. He remained there until 2000, at which time he assumed command of the 5th Space Surveillance Squadron located at RAF Feltwell in England. The following year, Raymond returned to the United States and became deputy commander of the 21st Operations Group. From 2002 to 2003, he studied at Naval War College. For two years after that, he was assigned as a transformation strategist to the Office of the United States Secretary of Defense. In 2005, he returned to Vandenberg Air Force Base and assumed command of the 30th Operations Group. He held that position until 2007, when he was named Commander of the 21st Space Wing.[10]
Raymond was nominated for promotion to the rank of general and to the command of Air Force Space Command on September 8, 2016.[14] This nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 15.[15] He assumed command of the Air Force Space Command on October 27, 2016, replacing John E. Hyten who was then tapped to become the commander of United States Strategic Command.[16] On December 1, 2017, the Joint Functional Component Command for Space was restructured as the Joint Force Space Component Command and Raymond was dual-hatted as commander of the newly reorganized unit under U.S. Strategic Command.[17]
United States Space Command
By 2018, plans were made to reestablish the United States Space Command and Raymond was tasked to plan for its standup.[18][19] He asked five planners to help him plan such standup, including U.S. Army Brigadier General Thomas L. James and U.S. Air Force Brigadier General Shawn Bratton, and then-Brigadier General David N. Miller to lead a task force that did the detailed planning.[20] On March 22, 2019, he was nominated to lead that unified combatant command, and was then confirmed by the United States Senate on June 27.[21][22] He assumed command of the newly reestablished U.S. Space Command on August 29, 2019, while retaining command of Air Force Space Command.[23]
Raymond is a proponent for declassifying space capabilities and intelligence as a way for deterring adversaries opening more dialogue about space threats.[24][25] Along with Admiral Philip S. Davidson and seven other combatant commanders, he signed a memo—called informally as the "36-star memo"—addressed to the United States Intelligence Community that called for declassifying space-related intelligence.[26]
In February 2020, Raymond called out Russia for "threatening behavior" in outer space, threatening a U.S. national security satellite. This was the first time the U.S. military has publicly identified a direct threat to a specific American satellite by an adversary.[27][28]
While being the chief of the new military service, he continued serving as commander of the U.S. Space Command until August 20, 2020, when he relinquished command to his deputy, General James H. Dickinson.[29] The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, which also created the Space Force, included a provision which allowed the chief of space operations to concurrently serve as commander of the combatant command for one year.[30]
United States Space Force
When the creation of the Space Force or space corps was debated, Raymond initially did not support the idea of creating a separate space corps. In 2017, he wrote in a Defense One article that while he applauded the increased focus on space as a warfighting domain, what is needed instead is deeper integration and more resources.[31] By April 2019, he reversed his position, supporting the Trump administration's proposal to establish the Space Force under the Department of the Air Force.[32]
On December 20, 2019, the U.S. Space Force was established by redesignating the Air Force Space Command as a separate service. Raymond, then commander of Air Force Space Command, was appointed as the first chief of space operations. According to President Donald Trump, "With today's signing I will proudly appoint Gen. Jay Raymond the first chief of space operations and he will become the very first member of the Space Force and he will be on the Joint Chiefs."[33] By becoming the first member of the Space Force, he left the Air Force after over 35 years of military service. He was officially sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence on January 14, 2020.[34]
In November 2020, Raymond released the Chief of Space Operations' Planning Guidance where he outlined his five priorities as the service chief of the Space Force: building a lean and agile service, developing joint warfighters, delivering new capabilities, expand international cooperation, and creating a digital service. He also ordered the creation of the Space Warfighting Analysis Center and National Space Intelligence Center.[35][36]
The law that created the Space Force stated that the chief of space operations will become a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff only a year after its enactment, but Raymond was allowed to join the Joint Chiefs immediately because then-Secretary of DefenseMark Esper and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of StaffMark Milley viewed it important to national security.[37] In December 2020, Raymond became an official member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, his office becoming the 8th member of the Joint Chiefs.[38] Together with other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Raymond denounced the 2021 United States Capitol attack.[39]
Raymond, and almost all the other Joint Chiefs of Staff members, went into quarantine in October 2020 after coming into contact with Admiral Charles Ray, who tested positive for COVID-19.[40]
Raymond pushes for international norms of behavior for the space domain. Without those norms of behavior, he likened space as the "Wild, Wild West."[41] This "rules of the road" for space is what he wants to pass on to his successors.[42] In November 2021, he wrote an opinion piece for the Washington Post, detailing what the Space Force is doing to establish international norms and standards of behavior in space.[43]
On November 2, 2022, Raymond transferred responsibility as chief of space operations to B. Chance Saltzman.[44][45] During the ceremony, Secretary Frank Kendall III called Raymond the "father of the Space Force".[46][47] He retired from active duty on January 1, 2023, after 38 years of service.[48]
Civilian career
After retiring, Raymond joined the board of directors at Axiom Space while also serving as the company's strategic adviser on space domain safety and security matters.[49] In May 2023, he joined an investment firm, Cerberus Capital Management, as a senior managing director on the company’s supply chain and strategic opportunities platform, providing strategic guidance on a portfolio of investments in technology, aerospace, and defense modernization areas.[50] In February 2024, he joined the board of directors of Impulse Space, a space startup founded by Tom Mueller, a SpaceX founding member.[51]
^ ab"John W Raymond". California Birth Index, 1905–1995. Sacramento, California: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.
^Ernst, Oswald H. (1914). "Gen. Charles Walker Raymond". Professional Memoirs, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, and Engineer Department at Large. 6 (26): 232–235. JSTOR44697524.