Kachhi or Kacchi (Balochi: کچّی دمگ, Sindhi: ڪڇي ضلوUrdu: ضلع کچّھی), previously known until 2008 as Bolan District,[2] is a district located in the central part of the Balochistan province in Pakistan.[3] The Bolan area remained under one district Kacchi until 31 December 1991. The Deputy Commissioner's office started functioning on 17 May 1992, and Bolan became one of the four districts of Naseerabad Division, until the abolition of Divisions in 2000.
In 2013, it was announced that the tehsil of Bhag would be split off to form part of the new Lehri District.[4]
History
The Kachhi Plains are the home of the archeological site of Mehrgarh. One of the most important Neolithic sites in archaeology, lies on what is now the Kachhi Plain of today's Balochistan, Pakistan. It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in South Asia.[5]
At the time of the 2017 census the district had 40,896 households and a population of 309,932, of which 164,291 were males and 145,633 females. Rural population was 258,952 (83.55%) while the urban population was . Kachhi had a sex ratio of 886 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 32.98% - 42.44% for males and 22.31% for females. 50,980 (16.45%) lived in urban areas. 109,556 (35.34%) were under 10 years of age. Islam was the predominant religion with 98.83%, while Hindus were 1.04% of the population.[1]
According to the Pakistan District Education Rankings 2017, district Kachhi is ranked at number 109 out of the 141 ranked districts in Pakistan on the education score index. This index considers learning, gender parity and retention in the district.
Literacy rate in 2014–15 of population 10 years and older in the district stood at 43% whereas for females it was only 23%.[12]
Post primary access is a major issue in the district with 86% schools being at primary level. Compare this with high schools which constitute only 6% of government schools in the district. This is also reflected in the enrolment figures for 2016–17 with 12,688 students enrolled in class 1 to 5 and only 261 students enrolled in class 9 and 10.
Gender disparity is another issue in the district. Only 28% schools in the district are girls’ schools. Access to education for girls is a major issue in the district and is also reflected in the low literacy rates for females.
Moreover, the schools in the district lack basic facilities. According to Alif AilaanPakistan District Education Rankings 2017, the district is ranked at number 139 out of the 155 districts of Pakistan for primary school infrastructure. At the middle school level, it is ranked at number 129 out of the 155 districts. These rankings take into account the basic facilities available in schools including drinking water, working toilet, availability of electricity, existence of a boundary wall and general building condition. More than half of the government schools in the district do not have electricity, toilet and a boundary wall. 213 out of 465 schools do not have clean drinking water.
The main issues for the district is the unavailability of teachers in schools.[13]
Notes
^Historic district borders may not be an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Baluchistan Agency region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. This discrepancy can be seen in the district population history table which has taken into account the various bifurcations since 1941.
1998 District census report of Kachhi (Bolan). Census publication. Vol. 105. Islamabad: Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. 2000.