List of Australian and Antarctic dinosaurs
Globe showing Australia and Antarctica, approx 100 Mya
This is a list of dinosaurs whose remains have been recovered from Australia or Antarctica .
Criteria for inclusion
List of Australian and Antarctic dinosaurs
Valid genera
Name
Year
Formation
Location
Notes
Images
Antarctopelta
2006
Snow Hill Island Formation (Late Cretaceous , Campanian )
Antarctica
Possessed unusual caudal vertebrae that may have supported a "macuahuitl" as in Stegouros [1]
Atlascopcosaurus
1989
Eumeralla Formation (Early Cretaceous , Aptian to Albian )
Australia
Only known from remains of jaws and teeth
Australotitan
2021
Winton Formation (Late Cretaceous , Cenomanian to Turonian )
Australia
The largest dinosaur known from Australia, comparable in size to large South American dinosaurs
Australovenator
2009
Winton Formation (Late Cretaceous , Cenomanian )
Australia
Analysis of its arms suggest it was well-adapted to grasping[2]
Austrosaurus
1933
Allaru Formation (Early Cretaceous , Albian )
Australia
Its holotype was found associated with marine shells
Cryolophosaurus
1994
Hanson Formation (Early Jurassic , Pliensbachian )
Antarctica
Had a distinctive "pompadour" crest that spanned the head from side to side
Diamantinasaurus
2009
Winton Formation (Late Cretaceous , Cenomanian )
Australia
May have been closely related to South American titanosaurs, suggesting they dispersed to Australia via Antarctica[3]
Diluvicursor
2018
Eumeralla Formation (Early Cretaceous , Albian )
Australia
Lived in a prehistoric floodplain close to a high-energy river
Fostoria
2019
Griman Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous , Cenomanian )
Australia
Four individuals have been found in association
Fulgurotherium
1932
Griman Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous , Cenomanian )
Australia
Fragmentary, but may have been an elasmarian [4]
Galleonosaurus
2019
Wonthaggi Formation (Early Cretaceous , Barremian )
Australia
Its upper jaw bone resembles a galleon when turned upside-down
Glacialisaurus
2007
Hanson Formation (Early Jurassic , Pliensbachian )
Antarctica
Basal yet survived late enough to coexist with true sauropods[5]
Imperobator
2019
Snow Hill Island Formation (Late Cretaceous , Maastrichtian )
Antarctica
Unusually for a paravian, it lacked an enlarged sickle claw
Kakuru
1980
Bulldog Shale (Early Cretaceous , Aptian )
Australia
Poorly known
Kunbarrasaurus
2015
Allaru Formation , Toolebuc Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous , Albian to Cenomanian )
Australia
Preserves stomach contents containing ferns, fruits, and seeds[6]
Leaellynasaura
1989
Eumeralla Formation (Early Cretaceous , Albian )
Australia
One referred specimen has an extremely long tail; if it does belong to this genus, it would be three times as long as the rest of the body
Minmi
1980
Bungil Formation (Early Cretaceous , Aptian )
Australia
Had long legs for an ankylosaur, possibly to help it run into bushes for protection[7]
Morrosaurus
2016
Snow Hill Island Formation (Late Cretaceous , Maastrichtian )
Antarctica
Closely related to Australian and South American ornithopods[4]
Muttaburrasaurus
1981
Allaru Formation ?, Mackunda Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous , Albian to Cenomanian )
Australia
Possessed a short oval bump on its snout
Ozraptor
1998
Colalura Sandstone (Middle Jurassic , Bajocian )
Australia
Potentially the oldest known abelisauroid[8]
Qantassaurus
1999
Wonthaggi Formation (Early Cretaceous , Barremian )
Australia
Distinguished from its other contemporary ornithopods by its relatively short dentary
Rapator
1932
Griman Creek Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous , Albian to Cenomanian )
Australia
Known from only a metacarpal
Rhoetosaurus
1926
Walloon Coal Measures (Late Jurassic , Oxfordian )
Australia
Retains four claws on its hind feet, a basal trait
Savannasaurus
2016
Winton Formation (Late Cretaceous , Cenomanian to Turonian )
Australia
May have spent more time near water than other sauropods[9]
Serendipaceratops
2003
Wonthaggi Formation (Early Cretaceous , Barremian to Albian )
Australia
Possessed a robust ulna similar to those of ceratopsians and ankylosaurs, but was likely a member of the latter group[10]
Timimus
1993
Eumeralla Formation (Early Cretaceous , Albian )
Australia
Potentially a tyrannosauroid;[11] if so it would be one of the few Gondwanan members of that group
Trinisaura
2013
Snow Hill Island Formation (Late Cretaceous , Campanian )
Antarctica
The first ornithopod named from Antarctica
Weewarrasaurus
2018
Griman Creek Formation (Late Cretaceous , Cenomanian )
Australia
Unusually, its fossils were preserved in opal
Wintonotitan
2009
Winton Formation (Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous , Albian to Cenomanian )
Australia
More gracile than other contemporary titanosaurs
Invalid and potentially valid genera
Timeline
This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in Ma , megaannum , along the x-axis.
See also
References
^ Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Kaluza, Jonatan; Leppe, Marcelo A.; Botelho, Joao F.; Palma-Liberona, José; Simon-Gutstein, Carolina; Fernández, Roy A.; Ortiz, Héctor; Milla, Verónica; Aravena, Bárbara; Manríquez, Leslie M. E.; Alarcón-Muñoz, Jhonatan; Pino, Juan Pablo; Trevisan, Cristine; Mansilla, Héctor; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe; Muñoz-Walther, Vicente; Rubilar-Rogers, David (9 December 2021). "Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile". Nature . 600 (7888): 259–263. doi :10.1038/s41586-021-04147-1 . PMID 34853468 . S2CID 244799975 .
^ White, Matt A.; Bell, Phil R.; Cook, Alex G.; Barnes, David G.; Tischler, Travis R.; Bassam, Brant J.; Elliott, David A. (14 September 2015). "Forearm Range of Motion in Australovenator wintonensis (Theropoda, Megaraptoridae)" . PLOS ONE . 10 (9): e0137709. Bibcode :2015PLoSO..1037709W . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0137709 . ISSN 1932-6203 . PMC 4569425 . PMID 26368529 .
^ Poropat, Stephen F; Kundrát, Martin; Mannion, Philip D; Upchurch, Paul; Tischler, Travis R; Elliott, David A (20 January 2021). "Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs" . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 192 (2): 610–674. doi :10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa173 . ISSN 0024-4082 .
^ a b Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico Lisandro; Novas, Fernando Emilio (17 December 2019). "Osteology of the Patagonian ornithopod Talenkauen santacrucensis (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)" . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 17 (24): 2043–2089. doi :10.1080/14772019.2019.1582562 . ISSN 1477-2019 . S2CID 155344014 .
^ Smith, N.D.; Makovicky, P.J.; Pol, D.; Hammer, W.R. & Currie, P.J. (2007). "The Dinosaurs of the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of the Central Transantarctic Mountains: Phylogenetic Review and Synthesis" (PDF) . U.S. Geological Survey and the National Academies . 2007 (1047srp003): 5 pp. doi :10.3133/of2007-1047.srp003 .
^ Molnar, Ralph E. ; Clifford, H. Trevor (2001). "An ankylosaurian cololite from Queensland, Australia". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.). The Armored Dinosaurs . Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 399–412. ISBN 0-253-33964-2 .
^ Paul, Gregory S. (2010). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs . United States: Princeton University Press. pp. 226–228. ISBN 978-0-691-13720-9 .
^ Rauhut, O.W.M. (2005). "Post-cranial remains of ‘coelurosaurs’ (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Late Jurassic of Tanzania ". Geological Magazine 142 (1): 97–107
^ Poropat, S.F.; Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Tischler, T.R.; Sloan, T.; Sinapius, G.H.K.; Elliott, J.A.; Elliott, D.A. (2020). "Osteology of the Wide-Hipped Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaur Savannasaurus elliottorum from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 40 (3): e1786836. doi :10.1080/02724634.2020.1786836 . S2CID 224850234 .
^ Rozadilla, Sebastián; Agnolín, Federico; Manabe, Makoto; Tsuihiji, Takanobu; Novas, Fernando E. (1 September 2021). "Ornithischian remains from the Chorrillo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southern Patagonia, Argentina, and their implications on ornithischian paleobiogeography in the Southern Hemisphere" . Cretaceous Research . 125 : 104881. doi :10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104881 . ISSN 0195-6671 .
^ Rafael Delcourt; Orlando Nelson Grillo (2018). "Tyrannosauroids from the Southern Hemisphere: Implications for biogeography, evolution, and taxonomy". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. in press. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.003.