List of Bantu languages
List of languages
Following is a list of Bantu languages as interpreted by Harald Hammarström , and following the Guthrie classification .[1]
Group
Guthrie code
ISO code
Languages
References
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A11
bdu
Batanga (Lotanga, Dotanga, A113), Bima (A112), Koko (Lokoko), Londo ba Diko (A115), Londo (Murundo), Balondo Ba Nanga), Longolo (Ngolo, A111), Lundu, Oroko (A101), Oroko-East, Oroko-West
Kuperus 1985: 17-18
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A12
bdu
Lolue (Barue, Babue, Lue, Balue), Bakundu (A122, Lokundu, Bekunde, Kundu, Nkundu, Lakundu), Western Kundu, Bakundu-Balue, Ekombe (Bekombo, Ekumbe), Mbonge (A121, Mbε)
Atta Ebongkome 1993
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A13
bwt
“Bafaw” (A141, Bafo, Lefo,’Afo), Bafaw-Balong, Balúun, Balong, Ngoe
Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A14
bvg
Bongken (Bonkeng, Bonkeng-Pendia, Bonkenge)
Hedinger 1987: 132-164
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A15A
mbo
Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou (A15, Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou), Mbo of Mboebo-Kekem (Mbo of Mboébo-Kekem), Mbo of Ngwatta, Mbo, Mbo’o (Mboo), Nlaa Mboo, Nle Mbuu, Melon (Melong, Eho Mbo), Sambo, Santchou, North Eastern Manenguba
Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A15B
bsi
Mienge (A15, Lower Mbo), Asobse, Bassossi (Nsose, Nswose, Nswase, Swose, Sosi), North-western Manenguba
Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A15C
bqz
Babong (Ihobe Mbog, Ihobe Mboong), Bafun (Mbwase Nghuy, Miamilo, Pendia), Bakaka (Ehob Mkaa, Mkaa,’ Kaa, Kaka), Balondo (Ehobe Belon), Baneka (Mwaneka), Manehas (Mvae, Mwahed, Mwahet), Ngoten, Eastern Central Manenguba
Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A15
bss
Akoose (Akosi, Bakossi, Bekoose, Koose, Kosi, Nkoosi, Nkosi), Elung (Along, Elong, Nlong), Mwambong, Mwamenam (Mouamenam), Ninong (Nninong), Northern Bakossi, Southern Bakossi, Western Bakossi, Nhalemoe, Western Central Manenguba
Hedinger 1987
A10: Lundu-Balong group
A151
nkc
Kinkwa, Nkongho (Lekongo)
Hedinger 1987
A20: Duala group
A21
bqm
Bamboko (Bambuku, Mboko, Womboko, Wumboko)
Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group
A22
bri
Bakpwe (Kpe, Mokpe, Mopkwe), Bakueri (Vakweli, Bakwedi, Bakwele, Bakweri, Bakwiri, Bekwiri, Kwedi, Kweli, Kwili, Kwiri), Ujuwa, Vambeng
Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group
A221
bbx
Bobe (A221), Bubia (Bobea, Wovea, Wuvia)
Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group
A23
szv
Isu (Isu of Fako Division, Isubu, Isuwu, Su, Subu), Bimbia
Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group
A231
kme
Kole (Bakole, Bakolle)
Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group
A24
dua
Duala (Diwala, Douala, Dualla, Dwala, Dwela), Mongo (A261, Mungo, Mungu, Muungo), Pongo (A26)
Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group
A25
-
Ewodi (Oli, Wuri, Ouri, Wuri, Uli, Wouri), Bodiman (Bidiman, Budiman)
Ebobissé 2014
A20: Duala group
A27
mzd
Malimba (Lemba, Limba, Mudima, Mulimba)
Lamberty 2009
A30: Bubi-Benga group
A31
bvb
Bobe (Boobe, Boombe, Bube, Bubi), Adeeyah (Adija, Ediya), Banapa (Banapá), Banni, North Bobe, Southeast Bobe, Southwest Bobe, Ureka
Tessmann 1923
A30: Bubi-Benga group
A32
bnm
Batanga (Batanga at Fifinda, Tanga, A32C), Balangi of Great Batanga, Bano’o (Bano’o, Banoho, Banoo, Noho, Nohu, Noko, A32a, Noku), Bapoko (Bapuku, Bapuu, Poko, Puku, A32B)
Ebobissé 2014
A30: Bubi-Benga group
A33a
yko
Yasa (Iyasa, Iyassa, Lyaasa, Yassa)
Ebobissé 2014
A30: Bubi-Benga group
A33b
nui
Kombe (Combe, Kombe, Ngumbi)
Fernandez Galilea 1951
A30: Bubi-Benga group
A34
bng
Benga, Boumba, Ndowe
Idiata 2007; Salvadó y Cos 1891
A40
A41
bbi
Balombi (Barombi, Barumbi, Lambi, Lombe, Lombi, Rambi, Rombi)
Lamberty 2002
A40
A42
abb
Abaw (Abo, Bo, Bon), Bankon (Bankong, Mankon)
Lamberty 2002
A40
A43a
bas
Basa (Basaa, Bassa, Basso, Bisaa, Mbele (Mvele), Mbene, South Kogo (A43c)
Bitjaa Kody 1988
A40
A43b
bkh
Bakoko (Kogo, A43c), Adie (Basoo Ba Die, Basoo D’edea, Elog Mpoo), Adiangok), Mbang (Dimbambang), Yabyang (Yabyang-Yapeke), Yakalak (Yakalag), Yapoma, Yassuku (Yasoukou, Yasuku, Yasug)
Dodo-Bounguendza 1988
A40
A44
tvu
Nen (Banen, Tunen), Aling’a (A441, Alinga, Tuling, Eling)
Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40
A45
nvo
Nyo’o (Nyõ’õ, Nyo’on, Nyokon, Njokon), Fung (Hung)
Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40
A46
lem
Lemande (Mande, Mandi, Nomaande, Noomaante, Numaand, Numand)
Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40
A461
ttf
Bonek (Ponek), Otomb (Tuotom, Tuotomb, Tuotomp)
Mous and Breedveld 1986
A40
A462
yat
Yambeta (Yambetta)
Mous and Breedveld 1986
A50: Bafia group
A501
hij
Hijuk
Bradley 1992a
A50: Bafia group
A51
lfa
Lefa’ (Fak, Lefa, Fa’), Balom
Mbongue 1999
A50: Bafia group
A52
dii
Kaalong (Kalong, Lakaalong), Lambong (Mbong, Bumbong, Dimbong)
Dieu and Renaud 1983
A50: Bafia group
A53
ksf
Kpa (Bekpak, Rikpa’), Bafia
Guarisma 2000
A50: Bafia group
A54
ngy
Tibea, (Zangnte, Djanti, Njanti, Minjanti), Ngayaba
Bradley 1992b
A60
A601
bag
Tuki (Baki, Ki, Oki), Tiki, Bacenga (A601F, A64, Batchenga, Tocenga, Cenga), Mbere (A601G, Mvele, Tumbele, Bamvele, Bambele, Mbele), Ngoro (A601A, A61, Tu Ngoro), Aki, Uki, Cangu (A601B, Tucangu), Kombe (A601C, Wakombe, Tukombe, Bakombe), Tsinga (A601D, Tutsingo, Chinga, Betsinga, Betzinga, Tsingo, Batsingo), Tonjo (A601E, Bondjou, Bounjou, Bunju, Bounjou)
Biloa 2013
A60
A62A
yav
Yangben, Central Yambassa, Kalong (Nukalonge)
Paulian 1986
A60
A62B
mmu
Mmaala (Mmala, Numaala)
Paulian 1986
A60
A62C
ekm
Elip (Belibi, Belip, Libie, Nulibie (A62C, Nulibié), Nulipie)
Paulian 1986
A60
A621
baf
Baca (Nu Baca, Nubaca), Southern Yambassa
Paulian 1986
A60
A622
yas
Gounou (Gunu, Nu Gunu, Nugunu), Gunu Nord, Gunu SudNugunu
Paulian 1986
A60
A623
mlb
Mbule (Dumbule, Mbola, Mbule of Cameroon, Mbure)
Boone 1992
A60
A63
leo
Leti (A63)
Dieu and Renaud 1983; Biloa 2013: 37-38
A60
A65
btc
Bati (Bati Ba Ngong, Bati de Brousse, Pati)
Grant 1992
A70
A71
eto /mct
Eton (Iton), Northern Eton (Iton Ekwe, Lower Eton), Southern Eton (Upper Eton, Iton Nke), Mengisa (Mengissa)
van de Velde 2008; Geslin-Houdet 1984
A70
A72(a)
ewo
Ewondo (Ewundu), Badjia (A72c, Bakjo, Bakja), Bafeuk, Yesoum (Yezum, Yesum), Fok (Fök, Fong), Jaunde (Yaounde, Yaunde), Mvete (A72b, Mvele, Mwele), Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabeka, Yabekanga, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yangafek (A72d), Evuzok, Bané
Essono 2000
A70
A73a
beb
Bamvele (Bebele, Bembele), Eki, Manyok
Djomeni 2014
A70
A73b
bxp
Gbigbil, Bobili
Wega Simeu 2004b; Dugast 1949: 88-89
A70
A74
bum
Bulu (A74a, Boulou, Bulu), Bene (A74b)
Alexandre and Binet 1958
A70
A75
fan
Fang (Fan), Pangwe, Pahouin, Atsi (Batsi, A75D), Make (Meke, A75C), Mveny (A75F), Ntum (Ntumu, A75A), Nzaman (Zaman, A75E), Okak (A75B), South-West Fang (A751)
Alexandre and Binet 1958; Andeme Allogo 1985; Wilson 1849; Alexandre 1965
A80
A801
gyi
Bagielli (Bagiele, Bagyele, Bagyeli, Bajele, Bajeli, Bogyel, Bogyeli, Bondjiel, Giele, Gieli, Gyele, Gyeli, Gélé), Bapindi, Bakola
Rénaud 1976
A80
A802
ukh
Ukhwejo (Ukwedjo)
Thornell 2009
A80
A803
-
Shiwa (Swa, Shiwe, Oshieba), “Fang Makina”
Idiata 2007
A80
A81
nmg
Kwasio, Mabea (Mabi, Magbea), Mvumbo, Ngoumba (Ngumba), Bujeba
Echegaray 1960
A80
A82
sox
So (Emvane So, Melan So, Shwo, Sô, Sso)
Bradley and Bradley 1992
A80
A83
mcp
Makaa (Mekaa), South Makaa (South Mekaa), Bebend (A83A, Bebent), Mbwaanz (A83B), (A831), Sekunda (A83C, Shekunda, Shikunda
Cheucle 2014
A80
A831
mkk
Byep, North Makaa, Maka (Makya, Meka, Mekae, Mekay, Mekey, Mekye, Mika, Moka)
Etter 1988
A80
A832
biw
Kol (Bekol, Bikele, Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bikeng, Bokol), Kol North, Kol South
Henson 2007
A80
A84
njy
Njyem (Djem, Dzem, Ndjem, Ndjeme, Ndzem, Ngyeme, Njem, Njeme, Nyem)
Cheucle 2014
A80
A842
ozm
Koonzime (Koozhime, Koozime, Nzime, Zimu, Djimu, Dzimou, Kooncimo), Badwe’e (A841, Bajwe’e, Badjoue, Bajue, Badwe’e)
Cheucle 2014
A80
A85
bkw
Bekwel (A85b, Bakouli, Bakwel, Bakwele, Bakwil, Bekwil), Konabem (A85a, Nkumabem, Nkonabeeb, Konabem, Kunabeeb, Konabembe, Kunabembe)
Beavon and Johnson 2011
A80
A86b
mgg
Mpompon (Mpongmpong, Mpopo, Mpumpoo, Pongpong, Bombo, Mbombo, Mpompo), Bageto (Northern Bangantu, Baagato, Bangantu), Medjime (A86a, Menzime, Mendzime, Medzime, Mezime), Mpomam (Boman, Mboman)
Johnson and Beavon 1989
A80
A86c
mcx
Mpiemo (Bimu, Mbimou, Mbimu, Mbyemo, Mpyemo), Bidjuki (Bidjouki)
Thornell 2004
A80
A87
bmw
Bomali (Bomwali, Boumali, Boumoali, Bumali), Lino, Sangasanga (Sangha-Sangha, Sanghasangha)
Bruel 1911
A80
-
-
Klieman 1997
Köhler 1964
A90: Kaka group
A91
kwu
Abakoum (Abakum, Akpwakum, Bakum, Kpakum, Kum/Bakum, Kwakum, Pakum), Til, Bheten, Baki
Belliard 2007
A90: Kaka group
A92
pmm
Pol (A92a, Polri, Pori), Kinda Pol, Asum Pol, Pomo (A92b), Boungondjo, Kweso (A92C)
Ballif 1977; Wega Simeu 2012
A90: Kaka group
A93
kkj
Kako (Bokaka, Kaka, Kaka-Kadei, Mkako), Kako du Gabon
Medjo Mvé 2009
B10: Myene group
B11
mye
Myene (Omyene), Adjumba (B11d, Ajumba, Adyumba, Dyumba),Enenga (B11F), Galwa (B11c, Galua, Galloa, Galoa), Mpongwe(Npongué, Mpongwé, Npongwe, Pongoué, B11a, Mpongoué,Mpungwe), Nkomi (N’komi, B11e), Orungu (B11b, Rungu, Rongo)
Jacquot 1983
B20: Kele group
B201
nda
Ndasa (Ndasha, Andasa, Undaza)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B202
sxe
Sighu (Sigu, Lesighu, Lisighu, Lisiwu)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B203
syx
Osamayi (Sama, Samay, Samaye, Shamay, Shamaye, Shamayi)
Matimi 1998; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B204
nxo
Ndambomo (Ndambono)
Mvé 2013
B20: Kele group
B21
syi
Seki (Baseque, Seke, Seki-ani, Baseke, Sekiana, Sekiani, Sekiyani, Sekyani, Seseki, Sheke, Shekiyana), Bulu
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Echegaray 1959a; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B211
bxc
Molengue (Alengue, Alengué, Balengue) Alengue (Alengué), Balengue, Molendji, Molengue
Echegaray 1959b; de Granda Gutiérrez 1984
B20: Kele group
B22a
keb
Kele (Akele, Kélé, Dikele, Kili), Metombolo (B205, Metombola), Western Kele
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B22b
nra
Angom (Ngom, Ongom, Ungom, Ngomo, Bangom, Bangomo), Bakoya variant of Bungom
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Medjo Mvé no date; Medjo Mvé 2011
B20: Kele group
B22c
see B305
B20: Kele group
B22D
-
Tombidi (Muntumbudie, Ntumbidi, Tumbidi)
Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007
B20: Kele group
B22E
-
Mwesa (Mesa, Yesa)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B23
zmn
Mbangwe, Mbaouin (M’Bahouin)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B24
wum
Wumbu (Wumbvu, Wumvu)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B25
koq
Kota (Ikota, Ikuta, Kotu)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B251
sak
Asake (Sake, Shake)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B20: Kele group
B252
mhb
Mahongwe
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B30: Tsogo group
B301
gev
Viya (Avija, Evia, Eviya, Gevia, Geviya, Ia (γe-βia), Ivea, Ivéa)
Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007
B30: Tsogo group
B302
sbw
Simba (E-Himba, γe-himba, Gehimba, Ghehimba, Ghehimbaka, Himba, Himbaka)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; 2007
B30: Tsogo group
B304
pic
Pinzi (Apindje, Apindji, Apindzi, Apingi, Apinji, E-Pinzi (γe-pinzi), Gapinji, Ghepinzi, Pindji, Pinji)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B30: Tsogo group
B305
buw
Vove (B22C, Mpovi, Ge-Vove, Gevove, Ghevove, Pove), “Bubi” (Bhubhi, Ibhubhi, Ibubi, Pubi)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B30: Tsogo group
B31
tsv
Tsogo (Getsogo, Ghetsogo, Itsogho, Mitsogo, γe-tsγ), Babongo-Tsogo (B303, Ebongwe, Bongwe of Raponda-Walker, Ebongo)
Idiata 2007; Raponda Walker 1937
B30: Tsogo group
B32
kbs
Kande (Kanda, O-Kande, Okande)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group
B401
bwz
Bwisi (I-Bwisi, Ibwiisi, Ibwisi, Mbwisi)
Jacquot 1978; Bastin et al. 1999; Yenguitta 1991
B40: Shira-Punu group
B402
bbg
Barama (γi-βarama, Bavarama, Ghibarama, Gibarama, Givarama, Varama), Bwali (B411)
Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Bastin et al. 1999
B40: Shira-Punu group
B403
vum
Vungu (Givoungou, Vumbu, Vungu, Givungu), Yivoumbou
Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group
B404
-
Ngubi (Ngove)
Idiata 2007; Puèch 1988; Aleko and Puèch 1988; Agadji Ayele 2002: 79-83
B40: Shira-Punu group
B41
swj
Shira (Eshira, Ashira, Gisir, Gisira, Ichira, Ishira, Isira, Shire, Sira, Yichira)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group
B42
snq
Sangu (Ashango, Chango, I-Sangu, Isangu, Massangu, Shango, Yisangou, Yisangu), Babongo-Sangu
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Bonhomme et al. 2012
B40: Shira-Punu group
B43
puu
Punu (Ipunu, Pouno, Pounou, Puno, Punu, Yipounou, Yipunu), Babongo-Rimba
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Andersson 1983; Idiata 2007
B40: Shira-Punu group
B44
lup
Lumbu (Baloumbou, Ilumbu, Lumbu, Yilumbu), Igama
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Klieman 2003
B50: Nzebi group
B501
wdd
Wanzi (Bawandji, Liwanzi, Wandji)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group
B503
-
Vili (Ivili, Bavili de la Ngouié)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group
B51
dma
Duma (Adouma, Aduma, Liduma, Badouma, Douma)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group
B52
nzb
Njebi (Injebi, Inzebi, Bandzabi, Ndjabi, Ndjevi, Njabi, Njavi, Nzebi, Yinjebi, Yinzebi), Ibongo-Nzebi, Yangho (B603)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Mouele 1997; Klieman 2003; Idiata 2007
B50: Nzebi group
B53
tsa
Tsaangi (Icaangi, Itsangi, Itsengi, Tcengui, Tchangui, Tsaangi, Tseengi, Tsengi), Mwele (B502)
Idiata 2007; Mouele 1997
B60: Mbete group
B602
kzo
Bakanike (Bakaningi, Likaningi, Kaningi, Lekaningi)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B60: Mbete group
B61
mdt
Mbete (Limbede, Mbede, Mbédé, Mbere, Mbété), Nkomo-Kelle, Nkomo-Ololi, Obaa, Oyuomi Mbama, Oyuomi Tcherre, Yaba-Mbeti
Idiata 2007; Lane 1989
B60: Mbete group
B62
mbm
Mbaama (B601, Obamba, Ombamba, Lembaama, Lembaamba, Lim-Bamba, M-Bamba, Mbama, Mbamba), Liweme, Sibiti, Mpini, Ndouba, Obeli, Oyabi
Idiata 2007; Lane 1989
B60: Mbete group
B63
nmd
Dumu (Ondoumbo, Ondumbo, Lindumu, Mindoumou, Mindumbu, Minduumo, Lendumu, Ndumu, Ndumbo, Ndumbu, Ndumu, Nduumo, Bandoumou, Doumbou, Dumbu), Epigi, Kanandjoho, Kuya, Nyani (Nyangi)
Idiata 2007; Lane 1989
B70: Teke group
B701
tck
Tsitsege (Latsitsege, Lintsitsege, Tchitchege)
Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007
B70: Teke group
B71
teg
Teghe (Tege, Iteghe, Latege) Keteghe (Kali, B71A, Ketego), Katege (B71B, Kateghe, Njining’i, Nzikini), Teke of Gabon, Teke of the Upper Alima
Adam 1954
B70: Teke group
B72
ngz
Northeastern Teke, Engungwel (B72a, Ngungwel, Ngangoulou, Ngangulu, Ngungulu), Mpu (Mpumpum), Mpumpu, B72b)
Rurangwa 1982; Bouka 1989b
B70: Teke group
B73a
tyi
Tsaayi (Caayi, Getsaayi, Tsaya, Tsaye, Tsayi)
Jacquot 1978
B70: Teke group
B73b
lli
Laali (Gibongo-Ilaali, Ilaali)
Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b
B70: Teke group
B73c
iyx
Yaa (Bayaka, Iyaka, Yaka, Ibongo-Iyaa)
Mouandza (2002) Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b
B70: Teke group
B73d
tyx
Tyee (Tye, Tee, Teke-Tyee), Kwe
Bouka 1989b; Nkara 2007
B70: Teke group
B74
ebo /nzu
Central Teke, Teke-Eboo (B74b, Boma, Babuma, Bamboma, Boo, Boõ, Eboom, Iboo), Nzikou (B74a, Ndzindziu, Njiunjiu, Njyunjyu, Nzinzu, Enjyunjyu)
Raharimanantsoa 2012; Nsuka Nkutsi 1990
B70: Teke group
B75–6
tek
Bali (Ambali, Ibali Teke, Ibali), Kiteke (B76, East Teke, Mosieno, Ng’ee, Bamfunuka), Nunu (B822, B80Nu)
Sims 1886: i-xii Bastin 1978; Boone 1973: 295-306; Bastin et al. 1999
B70: Teke group
B77a
kkw
Kukuya (Chikuya, Cikuya, Kikuwa, Koukouya, Kukua, Kukuya, Kukwa)
Paulian 1975
B70: Teke group
B77b
ifm
Fumu (Fuumu, Mfumu, Ifuumu, Teke du Pool), Wuumo (B78, Ewuumo, Wũ, Mpuon (Mpuono, B84A), Mpuun (B84B)
Calloc’h 1911; Jacquot 1965; Makouta-Mboukou 1977; Bastin et al. 1999: 13; 183; 193; 202
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B81
tii
Tiene (Kitiene, Kitiini, Tende, Tiene), Nunu (C31C, Banunu, Kenunu)
Motingea Mangulu 2004; Ellington 1977; Hulstaert 1951: 32-33
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B82
boh
Boma (Kiboma, Boma Kasai, Buma)
Hochegger 1972
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B821
-
Mpe (Kempee)
Detienne 1984; Bastin et al. 1999: 202
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B83
zmf
Mfinu (Funika, Emfinu, Mfununga), Ntsiam, Ntswar
Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B84
see B77b
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B85
yns
Yans (Yanzi), West Yansi (B85a, Mbien), East Yans (B85b), Yeei (B85c)
Mayanga 1985: 1-22; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B85d
soo
Nsong (Tsong), Mpiin (B863)
Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B864
noq
Ngongo (Ngong, Ngoongo)
Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B85F (= L12a)
smx
Ntsambaan (Sambaan)
Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Maes 1934
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B86
diz
Dzing (Di, Din, Ding, Dinga), Mpur (B85e, Mput)
Boone 1973; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015; Mertens 1939
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B861
nlo
Ngul (Banguli, Ingul, Ngoli, Ngul, Nguli, Ngulu), Ngwi
Maes 1934; Boone 1973; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B862
-
Lwel (Balori)
Khang Levy 1979; Maes 1934; Koni Muluwa and Bostoen 2011
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B865
-
Nzadi (Bandjari)
Maes 1934; Crane et al. 2011; Boone 1973
B80: Tiene-Yanzi
B87
zmp
Mbuun (Mbunda, Kimbuun, Gimbunda, Ambuun)
Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973
C10
C101
bvx
Babole (Dibole), Dzeke, Ebambe, Edzama, Kinami, Mossengue, Mounda
Gardner 1990; Leitch 2004
C10
C102
ngd
Ngando (Bagandou, Bangandou, Dingando, Mouna-Bagandou) Bodzanga, Dikota (C103, Kota), Dikuta, Ngando-Kota, Bodzanga
Périquet 1915; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994; Guillaume and Delobeau 1978
C10
C104
axk
Aka (Yaka, Aka de la Lobaye), Benzele (Bendjelle, Mbenzele), ‘Babinga’
Bruel 1911; Bahuchet 1989
C10
C105
-
Mikaya, Bambengangale, Baluma
Klieman 1997; Thomas and Bahuchet 1991
C10
C11
ndn
Goundi (Gundi, Ingundi, Ngondi, Ngundi)
Ouzilleau 1911; Périquet 1915
C10
C12
bkj
Pande (C12a, Ipande), Bukongo (C12b, Bogongo, Gongo)
Ouzilleau 1911; Bruel 1911; Périquet 1915; Hauser 1954
C10
C13
mdn
Mbati, Isongo (Issongo, Lisongo, Lissongo)
Guillaume and Delobeau 1978; Mbalanga 1996; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994
C10
C14
zmx
Bomitaba (Mbomotaba), Itanga
Gardner 1990
C10
C143
bok
Bonjo (Mbonzo), Impfondo (C143)
Gardner 1990; Samarin 1984; Hauser 1954
C10
C15
bui
Bongili ([E18], Bongili-Pikounda, Bongiri, Bungili, Bungiri), Inyele (C141), Bondongo (C142)
Motingea Mangulu 2008; Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954
C10
C16
loq
Lobala, Likoka, Tanda
Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954
C10
C16
bkp
Boko (Iboko)
Motingea Mangulu 1996
C10
C161
bml
Bomboli
de Boeck 1948
C10
C162
bzo
Bozaba (Budjaba, Budzaba, Buzaba)
de Boeck 1948
C20: Mboshi
C21 (= C23)
mdu
Mboko (Mboxo, Mbuku), Ngare (Ngáre)
Ndinga Oba 2003
C20: Mboshi
C22
akw
Akwa (Akwá)
Ndinga Oba 2003; Aksenova and Toporova 2002
C20: Mboshi
C24
koh
Koyo (Ekoyo, Kouyou, Koyó)
Ndinga Oba 2003; Poupon 1919
C20: Mboshi
C25
mdw
Mbosi (C25A, Embosi, Mbochi, Mboshi, Mboshe, Mbonzi), Olee (C25B), Ondinga (C25C), Ngolo (C25D), Eboi (C25E)
Fontaney 1989: 87-89; Ndinga Oba 2003
C20: Mboshi
C26
kwc
Kouala (Likouala, Ekwala, Kwala, Likwala, Likwála)
Ndinga Oba 2003
C20: Mboshi
C27
kxx
Kuba (Likuba), Bwenyi (C201, Buegni)
Ndinga Oba 2003; Adoua 1981
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C302
bzm
Bolondo
de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 2002: 149-150
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C31a
biz
Loi (Baloi, Boloi), Makutu, Likila, Mampoko, Mpundza (C36c, Mbudza, Mpundza)
de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C311
mmz
Mabale (Mabaale, Lomabaale), Mabembe
Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C312
ndw
Ndobo (Ndoobo)
Motingea Mangulu 1990a; de Boeck 1948
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C313
-
Litoka
Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C314
lie
Balobo
de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C32
bni
Bangi (Bobangi, Bubangi, Lobobangi)
Whitehead 1899
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C32 (= C38)
mow
Moi (Lemoi, Moyi, Moye), Liku, Rebu
Motingea Mangulu and Biako Montanga Mayika 2016
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C321
liz
Binza (Libindja, Libinja, Libinza])
van Leynseele 1977; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C322
-
Zamba (C322, Dzamba, Jamba)
de Boeck 1948; Kamanda Kola 1991
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C323
-
Mpama
Motingea Mangulu 1996; Hulstaert 1984
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C33
szg
Sengele (Kesengele, Sengere)
Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 2001
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C34
skt
Sakata (C34A), Djia (C34B, Dja, Dia, Kidjia, Wadia), Bai (C34C, Kibay, Kibai), Tuku-Ketu-Batow (C34D)
Tylleskär 1987
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C35a
nto
Ntomba (Lontomba, Luntumba, Ntumba), Sakani (C35C, Lotsakani, Sakanyi)
Mamet 1955; Hulstaert 1993
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C35b
bli
Bolia (Bulia)
Mamet 1960
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C36
lse
Lusengo (Losengo), Poto (C36a, Pfoto, Yakata), Mpesa (C36b, Limpesa), Kangana (C36f), Enga (C315, Baenga, Bolombo), Eleku
Motingea Mangulu 2008; Motingea Mangulu 1993a; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C36e
bkt
Boloki (Baloki, Boleki, Buluki), Ngala (C36d, Mangala)
Motingea Mangulu 2002; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C36g
ndl
Ndolo (Ndoolo), Kula (C415, Likula)
de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C37
bja
Budja (Buja, Ebudja, Budza, Ebuja, Embudja, Embuja, Limbudza, Mbudja, Mbuza), Bosambi, Mbila, Monzamboli, Yaliambi
Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C371
tmv
Tembo (Motembo, Litembo) de la Mongala, Motembo des grandes îles du Fleuve, Motembo septentrional (C374, Buja, Babale de Bosô-Njanoa), Kunda (C372, Motembo de Budzala, Motembo de la rivière Mbanga)
Motingea Mangulu 1996
C30: Bangi-Ntomba
C373
-
Egbuta
Motingea Mangulu 2003
C40: Ngombe group
C401
pae
Pagibete (Apagibete, Apagibeti, Apakabeti, Apakibeti, Pagabete)
Boone and Olson 2004; Reeder 1998
C40: Ngombe group
C403
kty
Kango (Bacango, Kango of Bas-Uélé District, Likango)
McMaster 1988; de Calonne-Beaufaict 1912
C40: Ngombe group
C41
ngc
Ngombe (Lingombe), Ngombe of the Congo river (C41A), Ngombe at Bosobolo (C41B, North Ngombe), Ngombe at Libenge (C41C, North-West Ngombe), Binza (C41D, East Ngombe)
Motingea Mangulu 1988; Motingea Mangulu 1996; de Rop 1960; Burssens 1958: 32-36
C40: Ngombe group
C411
bws
Bomboma, Bangiri, Likaw (Likao), Lingundu (Lingonda), Ebuku
de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C40: Ngombe group
C412
bmg
Bamwe, Libobi, Lifonga, Likata
de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996
C40: Ngombe group
C413
dzn
Dzando (Djando), Ngiri (C31b)
Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 73-74; de Boeck 1948
C40: Ngombe group
C414
lgz
Gendja (Gendza-Bali, Ligendza, Ligenza)
Motingea Mangulu 2001; Vanhouteghem 1947
C40: Ngombe group
C42
bwl
Bwela (Buela, Ebwela), Doko around Lisala (C301), Lingi
Motingea Mangulu 1996
C40: Ngombe group
C44
bww
Bwa (Boa, Boua, Bobwa, Kibua, Kibwa, Leboale, Libua, Libwali), Yewu (C402), Leangba, Baati (C43A, Bati, Lebaati), Benge (C43B, Libenge, Mobenge), Boganga (C43C, Boyanga), Ligbe (C43D)
Boone and Olson 2004; Motingea Mangulu 2005; Czekanowski 1924; Halkin and Viaene 1911; McMaster 1988; Bostoen and Grégoire 2007
C40: Ngombe group
C441
bbm
Bango (Babango, Mobango, Southwest Bwa
Motingea Mangulu 1995; Motingea Mangulu 1995: 5
C40: Ngombe group
C45
agh
Ngelima (Kingbelima, Bangalema, Bangelima),Beo (C45A, Lebeo), Buru (C45B), Tungu (C45C)
Gérard 1924
C50: Soko-Kele group
C502
-
Elinga (Loselinga)
Motingea Mangulu 1994a
C50: Soko-Kele group
C51
zms
Mbesa ([E18], Mobesa, Mombesa)
Hulstaert 1951; de Boeck 1951
C50: Soko-Kele group
C52
soc
So (Basoko, Eso, Gesogo, Heso, Soa, Losoko)
Czekanowski 1924; Harries 1955; Bastin et al. 1999: 208
C50: Soko-Kele group
C53
pof
Poke (Pfoke, Poke, Puki, Tofoke, Topoke, Tovoke)
Torday and Joyce 1922; Bastin et al. 1999: 208
C50: Soko-Kele group
C54
loo
Lombo (Olombo, Tu-Rumbu, Turumbu, Ulumbu)
Carrington 1947
C50: Soko-Kele group
C55
khy /fom
Kele (Ekele, Lokele, Kili, Likelo, Lokele), Yakusu, Foma (C56, Fuma, Li-Foma, Lofoma)11 Likile (C501)
Carrington 1943; Bastin et al. 1999: 208
C60: Mongo-Nkundo
C61
lol /ymg
Mongo (Lomongo, Bololo, Lolo), Nkundo (Lonkundo, Lokonda, Nkundu, Nkundo-Twa), Bakutu (C61A), Bokote (C61B, Bokote Tswa, Ngata, Wangata), Booli (C61C), Bosaka (C61D, Bolandá), Konda (C61E, Ekonda, Ekonda-Bosanga, Ekonda-Twa), Ekota (C61F), Emoma (C61G), Ikongo (C61H, Lokalo-Lomela), Iyembe (C61I, Iyembe de la Lokolo), Ntomba (C61J, Lionje, Nsongo, Bikoro), Yamongo (C61K), Mbole (C61L, Nkengo, Yenge, Yongo, Bosanga-Mbole, Mangilongo, Lwankamba, Lonkembe, Liinja), Nkole (C61M), South Mongo (C61N, Belo, Bolongo, Acitu, Panga), Yailima (C61O, Yalima, Yajima), Ngombe-Lomela (C61P, Longombe, Ngome à Múná), Kitwa-Inongo, Ndombe Tswa, Nkundo Batswa, Twa of Ekonda, Mpombo (C351, Mpombo), Yamongeri (C36H)13
Engels (1911), Hiernaux et al. (1976), Hulstaert (1948), Hulstaert (1999), Motingea Mangulu (1994b), Müller (1964), Nsenga Diatwa (2009)
C60: Mongo-Nkundo
C611
-
Bafotó, Batswa de l’Equateur
Hulstaert 1978
C60: Mongo-Nkundo
C63
nxd /lal
Bongando (Longandu, Ngando, Ngandu), Lalia (C62)
Hulstaert 1987
C60: Mongo-Nkundo
C70
lal
C50: Soko-Kele group
C71
hba
Hamba
Kasongo 1993; Labaere and Shango 1989
C50: Soko-Kele group
C71
tll
Tetela (Otetela, Batetela), Batetela du Nord, Otetela-Olembe, Sungu Batetela
Labaere and Shango 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12
C50: Soko-Kele group
C72
ksv
Kusu (Bakusu, Kikusu), Kusu of Kimbombo
Motingea Mangulu 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12
C50: Soko-Kele group
C73
nkw
Nkutu (Ankfucu, Bankutu, Nkuchu, Nkutshu, Lonkutshu, Lonkucu)
Jacobs and Omeonga 2004; Hulstaert 1951: 23; Motingea Mangulu 1989
C50: Soko-Kele group
C74/C75
yel /kel
Yela (C74, Boyela), Kela (C75)
Hulstaert 1942; 1999
C50: Soko-Kele group
C76
oml
Ombo (Hombo, Loombo)
Meeussen 1952
C50: Soko-Kele group
C80
oml
C50: Soko-Kele group
C81
dez
Dengese (Ndengese, Londengese), Nkutu
Hulstaert 1951; Goemaere 1984
C50: Soko-Kele group
C82
soe
Hendo (Ohendo, Lohendo, Ohendo), “Songomeno,” Hendo
Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 1990b
C50: Soko-Kele group
C83
buf
Bushoong (Bushong, Bushongo, Busoong), Bakuba (Kuba, Bacuba), Batwa du Kasayi, Cwa du royaume Kuba), Ngeende (C83A, Ngende, Ngendi), Ngongo (C83B), Pyaang (C83C, Pianga, Piong, Panga), Shuwa (C83D, Shobwa, Shoba, Loshoobo)
Hiernaux 1966; Vansina 1959: 5
C50: Soko-Kele group
C84
lel
Lele (Bashilele, Usilele)
Douglas 1963; Maes 1934; Boone 1973
C50: Soko-Kele group
C85
won
Wongo (Bawongo), Gongo (Bakong, Tukkongo, Tukongo, Tukungo)
Maes 1934; Boone 1973
D10
D11
mdq
Mbole (Lombole, Mbole of the Lomami), Yaikole, Yaisu, Yangonda, Lokaló de la haute Jwafa, Langa (C701)
Motingea Mangulu 1993b; de Rop 1971; Hulstaert 1988
D10
D12
lej
Lengola (Kilengola, Lengora)
Stappers 1971
D10
D13
zmq
Mituku (Metoko, Kinya-Mituku)
Stappers 1973; McMaster 1988
D10
D14
gey
Enya (Genya, Tsheenya, Wagenya), Baena, Enya at Kisangani (D14A), Enya at Kongolo (D14B)
Spa 1973
D10
-
-
Mokpá, Bamanga Belueli, Pygmies of the Apare river Rundi Kitwa, Batwa of Burundi Kwandu Ngendelengo
Motingea Mangulu 1990; Vorbichler 1964; Schebesta 1953; van der Burgt 1902; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D201
lik
Liko (Lika, Balika, Kilika, Liliká, Lilikó)
van Geluwe 1960; Harvey 1997
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D21
bcp
Bali (Baali, Kibaali, Kibala, Kibali, Libaali, Mabali), Bafwandaka, Bakundumu, Bekeni, Bemili
Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960; McMaster 1988
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D211
kzy
Kango (Dikango), ‘Dibatchua’
Schebesta 1952; Vorbichler 1964; Harvey 1997
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D22
rwm
Amba (Baamba, Kivamba, Ku-Amba, Kuamba, Kwamba, Rwaamba, RwaAmba, Rwamba)
Winter 1953; Joset 1952
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D23
kmw
Komo (Kumu, Kikomo, Kikumo, Kikumu, Kikuumu, Kumo, Kuumu)
Harries 1958; McMaster 1988
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D24
sod
Songola (Kesongola, Kisongoola, Songoora, Wasongoa, Watchongoa), Binja, Gengele (Kegengele)
Schoenbrun 1994; Delhaise 1909; Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 90
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D25
lgm
Lega-Mwenga, Lega-Ntara, Isile (Ileka Ishile, Ishile, Isile, Kisile, Sile), Iwanyabaale, Kileega of Bakabango, Eastern Lega
Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D251
lea
Lega-Shabunda, Lega-Malinga, Kitila, Kiliga, Kiyoma, Kigala, Gonzabale, Beya-Munsange, Banagabo, Pangi Lega
Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D251
khx
Kanu (Kaanu, Kano, Kanu, Kikaanu, Likanu)
Biebuyck 1973
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D251
ktf
Kwame (Kikwame, Kikwami, Kwami)
Biebuyck 1973
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D26
zmb
Zimba, Ḱεsĺε, kisémolo, kyεnyε-mánila, kikwángε
Kabungama 1992
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D27
bnx
Bangubangu (Bango-Bango, Bangobango, Kibangobango)
Meeussen 1954
D20: Lega-Holoholo
D28
hoo
Holoholo (Horohoro), West Holoholo (D28a, Guha, Kalanga), East Holoholo (D28b), Tumbwe (D281), Lumbwe (D282)
Coupez 1955; Maho and Sands 2004; Bastin et al. 1999: 210
D30
D301
kbj
Kare (Kare, Akare, Likarili)
Dijkmans 1974; Santandrea 1964
D30
D302
bqu
Guru (Boguru, Kogoro, Bukur)
Costermans 1953; van Bulck 1952; McMaster 1988: 242; 263
D30
D303
nbd /myc
Bangbinda (Bungbinda, Ngbinda, Ngminda, Ngenda), Mayeka (D307)
Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Johnston 1922; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988
D30
D304
hom
Homa (Hôma, Huma)
Santandrea 1948; Santandrea 1963; Hackett and van Bulck 1956
D30
D305
nyc /gti
Nyanga-li, Gbati-ri (D306)
(Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 74)
D30
D308
boy
Bodo
Santandrea 1963; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988: 242; 263
D30
D31
bhy
Bhele (Bili, Ebhele, Ipere, Kipere, Kipili, Pere, Peri, Pili, Piri)
Meyer and Raymond 1981; de Wit 1994
D30
D311
bip
Bila (Babila, Ebila, Forest Bila, Forest Bira, Kibila)
Kutsch Lojenga 2003
D30
D312
kkq
Kaiku (Ikaiku, Kaiko)
de Wit 1994
D30
D32
brf
Bera (Bira, Plains Bira, Babira, Wawira, Grassland Bavira, Lower Bera), Sese
van Geluwe 1956
D30
D33
nlj
Nyali (Banyari, Linyali), “Huku”
Harries 1959; van Geluwe 1960
D30
D331
vau
Vanuma (Bvanuma, Libvanuma, Livanuma), Mbuttu (D313, Pygmy language spoken in Avakubi district on the north side of the Ituri between its confluence with the Epulu and with the Nepoko)
Schebesta 1966; Johnston 1922: 484-495
D30
D332
buu
Budu (Badimbisa Budu, Bodo, Ebudu, Kibudu, Mabudu
Asangama 1983
D30
D333
ndk
Ndaaka (Ndaka, Bombo Ndaka, Indaaka)
Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960
D30
D334
zmw
Mbo (Imbo, Kimbo, Mbo-Beke)
van Geluwe 1960
D30
D335
bkf
Beeke (Beke, Ibeeke, Beeke)
Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 84
D30
D336
jgb
Ngbele (Lingbe, Lingbee, Mangbele, Ngbee)
Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Liesenborghs 1932; Verhulpen 1936b
D40: Nyanga
D41
see JD41
D40: Nyanga
D42
see JD42
D40: Nyanga
D43
nyj
Nyanga (Inyanga, Kinyanga)
Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Mateene 1980
D50: Bembe-Buyi
D501-D531
see JD50
D50: Bembe-Buyi
D54
bmb
Bembe (Babembe of Kivu, Beembe, Bembe, Ebembe, Ibembe)
Meeussen 1953; Verhulpen 1936b; Biebuyck 1973
D50: Bembe-Buyi
D55
byi
Buyu (Boyo, Bujwe, Buyi, Kibuyu)
Meeussen 1953; Biebuyck 1973
E40: Temi
E401-E45
see JE40
E40: Temi
E46
soz
Temi (GiTemi), Ketemi), “Sonjo”
Nurse and Rottland 1992
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E51
kik
Kikuyu (Gekoyo, Gikuyu)
Mutahi 1981; Sim 1977
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E52
ebu
Embo (Embu), Mbeere (Mbere, Kimbeere)
Mwaniki 2014; Mutahi 1981; Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E53
mer
Meru (Kimeru, Mero), Imenti
Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E531
mws
Mwimbi-Muthambi
Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E54
thk
Tharaka (Tharaka, Central Tharaka, Saraka, Sharoka), Thagicu
Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E541
cuh
Chuka (Chuku, Cuka, Suka)
Möhlig 1974
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E55
kam
Kamba (Kenya), Kekamba, Kikamba)
Lindblom 1926: 3-18
E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group
E56
dhs
Daisu (Dhaisu, Daiso, Kidhaiso), “Segeju”
Nurse 2000
E60: Chaga group
E61
see West Kilimanjaro E621
E60: Chaga group
E62a
see West Kilimanjaro E621, Central Kilimanjaro E622
E60: Chaga group
E62b
see Central Kilimanjaro E622
E60: Chaga group
E621A (=E61)
rwk
Rwa (Rwo), Meru (Mero)
Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group
E621B (=E62a)
jmc
Machame (Caga-Machame, Kimachame, Kimashami, Macame, Machambe, Madjame, Mashami), Siha (E621C, Kisiha), Narumu, Ng’uni (E621F), “Hai,” Masama (621E, Masdama)
Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group
E622A (=E62a)
old
Mochi (Kimochi, Kimoshi, Moshi, Mosi), Mbokomu (E622B), Uru (E622D, Oru), Kuma (Okuma, “Rusha,” E63)
Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group
E622C (=E62b)
vun
Vunjo (Wunjo, Kivunjo, Kiwunjo, Wuunjo), Lema (Kilema), Kiruwa, Mamba, Woso (Kiw’oso, Kibosho), Kindi, Kombo, Mweka (Mwika), Marangu (Morang’u), Kiruwa
Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group
E623 (=E62c)
rof
Rombo (Kirombo), Keni (E623D), Mashati (E623B), Mkuu (E623C), Usseri (E623A, Kiseri, Useri), Mriti
Philippson 1984; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group
E64
hka
Kahe, Kikahe
Kahigi 2008; Winter 1980
E60: Chaga group
E65
gwe
Gweno (Ghonu, Gweno, Ki-Gweno, Kighonu, Kigweno)
Winter 1980; Philippson and Nurse 2000
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E701
mlk
Elwana (Ilwana, Kiwilwana), ‘Malakote’
van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Nurse 2000
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E71
pkb
Pokomo (Pfokomo), Buu, Upper Pokomo (E71A), Lower Pokomo (E71B, Malachini)
Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E72a,e,G,H
nyf
Giryama (Agiryama, Giriama, Giryama, Kigiriama), Nyika (Nika, Kinyika), Kambe (E72G), Chwaka, Rabai (E72e), Ribe (E72H)
van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E72b,c,F
coh
Kauma (E72b), Chonyi (E72c, Conyi, Chichonyi), Jibana (E72F, Dzihana, Chidzihana)
van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E72d
dug
Duruma
Möhlig 1986; van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E73
dig
Digo (Kidigo), Degere (E732 Madhaka)18
Nicolle 2013: 1-5
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E731
seg
Segeju (Kisegeju, Sageju, Segeju, Sengeju)
Nurse 1982
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E74a,C
dav
Taita, Dawida (Dabida, Davida, E74a), Bura, Chawia, Kasigau (E74C, Kisighau)
van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980
E70: Nyika-Taita group
E74b
tga
Sagalla (Kisagalla, Sagala, Sagalla Taita, Saghala), Dambi, Kishamba
van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980
F10: Tongwe-Bende group
F11
tny
Tongwe (Kitongwe, Kitoongwe, Sitongwe)
Masele 2001
F10: Tongwe-Bende group
F12
bdp
Bende, Gongwe
Abe 2011
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi
F21
suk
Sukuma, Kemunasukuma (F21A, North Sukuma), Kemunangweeli (F21B), Kiiya (F21C, Kiya, JinaKiiya), Kemunadakama (F21D, South Sukuma), Nasa (F21E, Kinaanasa), Sumaabu (F21F, SumaaBu, KisumaaBu), Nelaa (F21G, Kinaanelaa), Ntuzu (Gina-Ntuzu, Kimunantuzu, F21H)
Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi
F22A,B,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K
nym
Nyamwezi (Kinyamwezi), Galaganza (F22A, Sigalagaanza, Garaganza), Mweri (F22B), Nyanyembe (F22D, Unyanyemba, Unyanyembe), Takama (F22E, Dakama), Nangwila (F22F), Ilwana (Kilwana, Ilwana-Nyamwezi F22G), Uyui (F22H), Rambo (F22I), Ndaala (F22J, Ndala), Nyambiu (F22K)
Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi
F22C
kcz
Konongo (Kikonoongo), East Nyamwezi
Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi
F23
suw
Sumbwa (Kisumbwa, Shisumbwa, Shumbwa), Sisiloombo, Siyoombe
Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi
F24
kiv
Kimbu (Kikimbu, Kikiimbu), North KiKiimbu, South Kikiimbu
Masele 2001
F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi
F25
wun
Bungu (Ici-Wungu, Iciwungu, Kibungu, Ungu, Wungu)
Roth 2011
F30: Nilamba-Rangi
F31A,C,D,E
nim
Nilamba, Ilamba, Central Laamba (F31A, Kinilaamba), Ushoola (F31C, Ushoola), Nyambi (F31D, Iambi), Mbuga (F31E)
Masele 2001
F30: Nilamba-Rangi
F31B
isn
Isanzu (Ihaanzu, Issansu)
Masele 2001
F30: Nilamba-Rangi
F32
rim
Limi (Rimi, Keremi, Kilimi), Ahi (GiAhi, Chahi), Ginyamunyinganyi), Rwana (Girwana), Nyaturu (Kinyaturu, Turu)
Masele 2001
F30: Nilamba-Rangi
F33
lag
Rangi (Langi, Irangi, Kelangi, Kilaangi), Kondoa
Dunham 2007
F30: Nilamba-Rangi
F34
mgz
Mbugwe (Buwe, Kimbugwe, Kiumbugwe, Mbuwe)
Mous 2004
G10: Gogo-Kagulu
G11
gog
Gogo (Chigogo, Cigogo, Gogo, Ki-Gogo, Kigogo)
Gonzales 2002
G10: Gogo-Kagulu
G12
kki
Kagulu (Chikagulu, Cikagulu, Kagulu, Kaguru, Kigaguru,Kikagulu)
Petzell 2008
G10: Gogo-Kagulu
G21
tvs
Taveta (“Tubeta”)
van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012
G10: Gogo-Kagulu
G22
asa
Pare, Asu (Ashu, Athu, Casu, Chasu, Chiasu), South Pare (G22B, Gonja, Mbaga (G22B), North Pare (G22A)
van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012; Mreta 2000
G10: Gogo-Kagulu
G23
ksb
Shambala (Šambala, Kisambaa, Kishambaa, Kishambala, Sambaa, Sambala, Sambara, Schambala, Shambaa)
Nurse 1988
G10: Gogo-Kagulu
G24
bou
Bondei (Bonde, Boondei, Kibondei)
Merlevede 1995; Legère 1992
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G301
doe
Doe (Dohe, Ki-Doe)
Gonzales 2002
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G31
ziw
Zigula (Chizigula, Kizigua, Kizigula, Msegua, Seguha, Wazegua, Zeguha, Zegura, Zigoua, Zigua, Zigwa)
Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G311
xma
Mushungulu (Kimushungulu, Mushunguli, Mushungulu), Zigua in Somalia
Hout 2012; Williams 2012; Grottanelli 1953
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G32
cwe
Ngwele (Kakwere, Kikwere, Kinghwele, Kwele, Kwere, Ng’were, Ngh’wele, Nhwele, Nwele, Tsinghwele)
Gonzales 2002; Legère 2003
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G33
zaj
Zaramo (Dzalamo, Saramo, Zalamo (E18))
Gonzales 2002
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G34
ngp
Ngulu (Kingulu, Ngulu, Nguru, Nguu)
Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G35
ruf
Ruguru (Luguru, Cilugulu, Guru, Ikiruguru, Kiluguru, Kiruguru, Lughuru, Lugulu)
Gonzales 2002; Mkude 1974
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G36
kcu
Kami (Kikami)
Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G37
kdc
Kutu (Khutu, Kikutu, Kixutu, Kutu
Petzell and Hammarström 2013
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G38
vid
Vidunda (Chividunda, Kividunda, Ndunda, Vidunda)
Gonzales 2002; Legère 2007
G30: Zigula-Zaramo
G39
sbm
Sagala (Saghala, Ki-Sagara, Kisagala, Kisagara) Kondoa, Solwe, Kweny, Nkwifiya (Kwiva, Kwifa)
Gonzales 2002
G40: Swahili group
G402
ymk
Makwe (Coastal Makwe, Interior Makwe, Kimakwe, Macue)
Devos 2007
G40: Swahili group
G403
wmw
Mwani (Cap Delgado, Kimwani, Muane, Mwane, Mwani, Quimuane)
Schadeberg 1997
G40: Swahili group
G412
-
Mwiini (Chimwiini, Mwini, Barawa)
Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993
G40: Swahili group
G41–43
swh /swc /ccl
Swahili (Kiswahili), Tikuu (G41, Bajuni, Bagiuni), Socotra Swahili (G411), Amu (G42a, Pate, Siu, Siyu), Mombasa area Swahili (G42b, Mvita, Ngare, Jomvu, Changamwe, Kilindini), Mrima (G42c, Mtang’ata, Lugha ya Zamani), Unguja (G42d, Kiunguja), Malindi (G42E, Mambrui), Fundi (G42F, Chifundi), Chwaka (G42G), Vumba (G42H), Madagascar Swahili (G42I, Nosse Be), Pemba (G43a, Southern Pemba, Northern Pemba), Tumbatu (G43b), Makunduchi (G43c, “Hadimu,” Kae, Kikae), Mafia (G43D, Mbwera, Kingome), Kilwa (G43E), Mgao (G43F, G401, Kimgao), Sidi (G404), Cutchi Swahili, Congo Swahili (Lubumbashi Swahili, Shaba Swahili, Kingwana)
Ashton 1944; Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993; Lodhi 2008; Samarin 2014; Neale 1974
G40: Swahili group
G44(D)
swb
Maore Comorian (Comoro, Komoro, Shimaore)
Full 2006
G40: Swahili group
G44a
zdj
Ngazija (Shingazidja)
Full 2006
G40: Swahili group
G44b
wni
Njuani (Ndzwani, Shindjuani)
Full 2006
G40: Swahili group
G44C
wlc
Mwali (Shimwali)
Full 2006
G50: Pogolo-Ndamba group
G51, G52
poy /ndj
Pogolo (Chipogolo, Chipogoro, Cipogolo, Pogolu, Pogora, Pogoro)Ndamba (Kindamba)
Hendle 1907; Novotná 2005
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G61
sbp
Sango (Mahango, Eshisango, Kisangu), Lori (Rori)
Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G62
heh
Hehe (Ehe, Ekiehe, Kihehe)
Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G63
bez
Bena (Ekibena, Ikibena
Mitterhofer 2013
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G64
pbr
Pangwa (Ekipangwa, Kipangwa)
Stirnimann 1983
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G65
zga
Kinga (Ekikinga, Kikinga)
Schadeberg 1971; Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G651
gmx
Magoma (Kimagoma)
Schadeberg 1971: 1; 190
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G66
wbi
Wanji (Kivwanji, Kiwanji, Vwanji, Wanji)
Nurse 1988
G60: Bena-Kinga group
G67
kiz
Kisi (Kese, Kikisi)
Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988
H10: Kikongo group
H10A
ktu
Kituba (Kikongo-Kutuba), Ikeleve, Kibulamatadi, Kikongo Commercial, Kikongo Simplifie (Kikongo Simplifié), Kikongo Ya Leta, Kileta
Mufwene 2009
H10: Kikongo group
H10B
mkw
Munukutuba (Monokutuba)
Mufwene 2009
H10: Kikongo group
H11
beq
Beembe (Bembe), Keenge, Yari (Kiyari)
Jacquot 1981
H10: Kikongo group
H112A
xku
Kaamba (Kamba, Kikaamba)
Bouka 1989a; de Schryver et al. 2015
H10: Kikongo group
H112B
dde
Doondo (Dondo, Kidoondo)
Even 1931; Mfoutou 1985; Lumwamu 1974
H10: Kikongo group
H12
vif
Vili (Civili, Civili ci Loango, Vili of Mayumbe, Loango)
Mavoungou et al. 2010
H10: Kikongo group
H13
njx
Kunyi (Kuni, Kikunyi, Kugni)
Lumwamu 1974; Bastin et al. 1999
H10: Kikongo group
H131
sdj
Suundi (Kissoundi, Kisuundi, Sunde), Kifouma, Kimongo
Mabiala 1999
H10: Kikongo group
H16a-b
kng
South Kikongo, Kisikongo (H16a), Kisolongo, Kimboma, Central Kikongo, Manyanga (H16b, Kimanyanga), Mazinga, Ndibu (Bandibu), Bwende (H16e), Zoombo (H16h, Zombo, Pende)
Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015; Laman 1936: lxxxv-lxxxvii
H10: Kikongo group
H16c-d
yom /kwy
Yombe (Yoombi, Kiyombe), Ciwoyo, Cizobe, Kakongo, Ndingi (H14), Mboka (H15), Cimbala, Cizali
Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015
H10: Kikongo group
H16f
ldi
Laadi (Laari, Kiladi, Kilari), Ghaangala (H111, Kighaangala, Hangala)
H10: Kikongo group
H16g-h
kng
Eastern Kikongo, Ntandu (Kintandu), Mbeko, Nkanu (H16h), Mbata, Mpangu
Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015
H20: Kimbundu group
H21
kmb
Mbundu (H21a, Bunda, Bundo, Kimbundo, Quimbundo, Kimbundu), Kimbamba (H21b, Njinga, Ginga, Jinga)
Vieira-Martinez 2006
H20: Kimbundu group
H22
smd
Kisama (Kissama, Quissama, Sama)
Heintze 1970; Price 1872
H20: Kimbundu group
H23
blv
Kibala (Bolo, Libolo, Libollo, Libolu, Lubalo, Lubolo), Haka (Haco), “Ngoya”
Angenot et al. 2011
H20: Kimbundu group
H24
nsx
Songo (Nsongo, Basongo, Massongo, Songu, Sungu)
Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Vansina 2004
H30: Yaka group
H31
yaf /ppp /lnz
Yaka (Bayaka, Iaka, Iyaka, Kiyaka), Pelende (Phelende), Lonzo
van den Eynde 1968; Ntoya Maselo 2014
H30: Yaka group
H321 (= L101)
shc
Sonde (Soonde, Kisonde), Lua (Luwa)
Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907
H30: Yaka group
H32
sub
Suku (Kisuku)
Piper 1977
H30: Yaka group
H33H34
=-mxg
Hungu, Tsotso, Pombo22Mbangala (H34, Bangala, Cimbangala), Shinji(H35, Sinji, Yungo)
Atkins 1955; Chatelain and Summer 1894
H40: Mbala-Hunganna
H41
mdp
Mbala (Bambala of Kwango, Gimbala, Rumbala)
Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1922
H40: Mbala-Hunganna
H42
hum
Hunganna (Huana, Hungaan, Hungana, Kihungana), Saamba (Tsaamba, Tsamba)
Torday and Joyce 1922; Boone 1973; Takizala 1974; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015
JD41: Konzo-Nande group
JD41
koo
Konzo (Kikondjo, Konjo, Lhukonzo, Olukonjo, Olukonzo, Rukonjo, Rukonzo, Rukoonzo), Sanza (Ekisanza)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD41: Konzo-Nande group
JD42
nnb
Nande (Banande, Nandi, Ndandi, Kinande, Kinandi), Shu (Ekishu), Yira (Ekiyira)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD41: Konzo-Nande group
JD43
see under D40
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD501
nyg
Nyindu
Igunzi 2013
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD51
hke
Hunde (Kihunde, Kihuunde), Kobi (Rukobi)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD52
hav
Haavu (Havu, Kihaavu)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD53
shr
Shi (Mashi), Nyabungu
Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD531
tbt
Tembo (Chitembo, Kitembo)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD54
see under D50
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD55
see under D50
JD50: Shi-Hunde group
JD56
kcw
Bwari (Kabwari)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD61
kin
Rwanda (Kinyarwanda), Hutu), Kisoro Pygmies, Rwanda-Batwa, Fumbira (Rufumbira), Kirashi (JE221), Yaka (JD502)
Schumacher 1950; Munderi 2009; Schoenbrun 1994; Nzita 1992; (Jouannet 1983)
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD62
run
Rundi (Kirundi)
van Bulck 1957
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD63
flr
Fuliiru (Fulero, Fuliiro, Fuliru, Kifuliiru)
Otterloo and Otterloo 2011; Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD631
job
Vira (Bavira, Kiviira), Joba (Kijoba)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD64
suj
Subi (Shuubi, Kishubi, Kisubi, Shubi, Shuwi), “Sinja”
Nurse and Philippson 1980
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD65
han
Hangaza, Kihangaza (KiHangaza)
Schoenbrun 1994
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD66
haq
Ha (Kiha)
Schoenbrun 1994; Harjula 2004
JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group
JD67
vin
Kivinza (KiVinza), Vinza)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE101
rub
Gungu (Lugungu, Rugungu)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE102
tlj
Talinga-Bwisi, Kitalinga (Talinga), (Bwissi, Lubwisi, Lubwissi, Mawissi, Olubwisi)
Paluku 1998
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE103
ruc
Ruli (Eciruri, Luduuli, Ruli, Ruluuli, Ruluuli-Runyala, Ruuli)
Ladefoged et al. 1972
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE11
nyo
Nyoro (Lunyoro (LuNyoro, Orunyoro, Runyoro)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE12
ttj
Tooro (Orutoro, Rutooro, Rutoro, Tooro, Toro, Urutoro)
Rubongoya 1999
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE121
nix
Hema (Bahima, Hema-Sud, Kihema), Congo Nyoro, Hema
Thiry 2004
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE13
nyn
Nkore (Nkole, Nyankole, Nyankore, Olunyankole, Runyankole, Runyankore)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE14
cgg
Chiga (Ciga, Kiga, Ruciga)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE15
lug
Ganda (Luganda), Sese (Olusese), Vuma (Luvuma)
Schoenbrun 1994; Cunningham 1905
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE16
xog
Soga (Busoga), Diope (Ludiope), Gabula (Lugabula), Gweri (Lugweri), Kigulu (Lukigulu), Lamogi (Lulamogi, Lulamoogi, Lamoogi), Luuka, Nholo (Lunholo), Siki (Siginyi, Lusiginyi, Lusiki), Tembe (Tembé, Lutembe), Tenga (Lutenga)
Fallers 1968; Schoenbrun 1994
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE16
lke
Kenyi (Kenye, Kene, Lukenhe)
Ladefoged et al. 1972; Roscoe 1915
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE17
gwr
Gwere (Lugwere)
Ladefoged et al. 1972
JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group
JE18
-
West Nyala
Kanyoro 1983; Ochwaya-Oluoch 2003: 7-8
JE20: Haya-Jita group
JE21
now
Nyambo (Ekinyambo), “Karagwe”
Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group
JE22
hay
Haya, Kyamutwara (JE22A, Kjamtwara, Kiamutwara), Bugabo (JE22B, Bugabu), Bukara (JE22C), Ziba (JE22D, Kiziba), Hanja (JE22E, Kianja, Kihanja, Kjanja), Hangiro (JE22F, Ihangiro), Missenyi (JE22G, Misenyi)
Herrmann 1904; Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group
JE23
zin
Zinza (Dzinda, Dzindza, Echidzindza, Jinja)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group
JE24
ked
Kerebe (Ecikerebe, Ekikerebe, Ikikerebe, Kerewe)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group
JE25
jit
Jita (Ecejiita, Kijita)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group
JE251,253
kya
Kwaya (JE251, Kikwaya), Ci-Ruri (JE253, Ruri, Rori, Kirori, Eciruri, Luri, Kiruri, Eciruuri, Ciruri)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE20: Haya-Jita group
JE252
reg
Kara (Kikara), Regi (Kilegi, Kiregi)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE31
myx
Masaba (Masaaba, Lumasaba), Gisu (JE31a, Gesu, Lugisu), Kisu (JE31b), Buya (J41G, Buuya, Lubuya), Dadiri (JE31F, Ludadiri, North Lumasaaba), Lufumbo, Luteza, Luwalasi, Luyobo
Schoenbrun 1994; la Fontaine 1959
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE31c
bxk
Bukusu (Vugusu)
Wagner and Mair 1970; Austen 1975: 1-37; Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE31D
-
Syan (Orusyan), Bumett (Pumit)
Huntingford 1965; Schoenbrun 1994
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE31E
lts
Tachon (Tachoni, Tatsoni)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE32a
lwg
Hanga (Wanga, Luwanga, Luhanga)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE32b
lto
Tsotso (Olutsotso)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE32C
lrm
Marama (Olumarama)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE32D
lks
Kisa (Olukisa)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE32E
lkb
Kabras (Kabarasi)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE32F
nle
East Nyala (Nyala North, Lunyala ‘K’), Kakalewa
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE33
nyd
Nyole (Abanyole, Lunyole, Lunyore, Nyoole, Nyore, Olunyore)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE34
lsm
Saamia (Samia, Lusaamia), Bagwe, Gwe (Lugwe), Songa (JE343)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE341
lko
Khayo (Xaayo)
Kanyoro 1983; Marlo 2008
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE342
lri
Marachi (Lumarachi)
Kanyoro 1983
JE30: Masaba-Luhya group
JE35
nuj
Nyole (Lunyole, Nyule, Nyuli), Hadyo (Luhadyo), Sabi (Lusabi), Wesa (Luwesa)
Schadeberg 1989; Morris 1963
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE401
ngq
Ngurimi (Dengurume, Ikingurimi, Kingereme, Kingoreme, Ngoreme)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE402, 404
ikz
Ikizu (JE402, Ikiikiizu, Ikikizo, Ikikizu), Shashi (JE404, Ikishashi, Kishashi)
Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE403
sxb
Suba (Egisuba, Luo Abasuba)
Rottland 1993
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE405
cwa
Kabwa (Kikabhwa, Kikabwa)
Walker 2013; Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam 2009
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE406–7
sgm
Singa (E406, Lusinga), Cula (Chula), Ware (E407)
Hobley 1902
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE41
rag
Logooli (Llogoori, Logoli, Lugooli, Luragoli, Maragoli, Maragooli, Ragoli, Uluragooli)
Wagner and Mair 1970
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE411–3
ida
Idakho (JE411, Itakho), Isukha (JE412, Isuxa, Lwisukha), Tiriki (JE413, Tirichi)
Kanyoro 1983
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE42
guz
Gusii (Ekegusii, Guzii, Kisii), Kosova
Cammenga 2002: 17-33
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE43
kuj
Kuria (Egikuria, Ekikuria, Gikuria, Igikuria, Ikikuria, Kikuria Cha Juu, Kikuria Cha Mashariki, Kikuria, Koria, Kulia) 43
Schoenbrun 1994; Cammenga 2004
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE431–4
ssc
Hacha (JE432, Haacha, Kihacha), Ikisimbete (IkiSimbete), Iryege (Iregi, Kiiryege), Kine (Kikine, Kiine), Kiroba, Kironi (Kikirone), Kiseru, Kisimbiti, Kisingiri, Rieri (Ryeri), Simbiti (JE431, Suba-Simbiti) Surwa (JE433, Kisurwa), Sweta (JE434, Kisweta)
Kihore 2000; Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE44
zak
Zanaki (Ekizanaki, Ikizanaki, Ilizanaki, Kizanaki)
Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE45
ntk
Ikoma (Koma, Kiikoma), Isenye (Issenye, Isenyi, Kiisenye), Nata (Ekinata, Natta, Kinatta, Kinata, Ikinata)
Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994
JE40: Logooli-Kuria group
JE46
see under E40
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K11
cjk
Chokwe (Batshokwe, Ciokwe, Kioko, Kiokwe, Quioca, Quioco, Shioko, Tschiokloe, Tshokwe)
Vansina 2004
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K12a
lum
Lwimbi (Chiluimbi, Luimbe, Luimbi, Lwimbe)
Jaspert and Jaspert 1930
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K12b
nba
Gangela (Ganguela, Ganguella, Ngangela) Nyemba (Nhemba)
Fleisch 2009; Maniacky 2003
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K13
lch
Lucazi (Chiluchazi, Luchazi, Lujash, Lujazi, Lutchaz, Lutshase, Luxage)
Fleisch 2009
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K14
lue
Lwena (Luena), Luvale (Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Luvale)
Papstein 1978; Horton 1949
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K15
mck
Mbuunda (Chimbunda, Mbunda)
McCulloch 1951; Fleisch 2009; Papstein 1994
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K16
nye
Nyengo (Nhengo, Nyenko)
Fortune 1963
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K17
mfu
Mbwela (Ambuela, Ambuella, Ambwela, Mbuela, Mbwera, Shimbwera)
Fleisch 2009; Bostoen 2007; McCulloch 1951; Maniacky 2003
K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group
K18
nkn
Nkangala (Cangala, Ngangala)
Maniacky 2003
K20: Lozi group
K21
loz
Lozi (Silozi), “Sikololo,” “Kolololo”
Fortune 2001; Jalla 1917; Burger 1960
K30: Luyana group
K31
lyn
Luyana (Ca-Luiana, Esiluyana, Louyi, Lui, Rouyi), Kwandi (K371), Kwangwa (K37)
Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963
K30: Luyana group
K32
mxo
Mbowe (Esimbowe), Liyuwa (K322), Liyuwa
Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963
K30: Luyana group
K33
kwn
Kwangali (Kwangare, Kwangari, Rukwangali, Rukwangari, Sikwangali)
Möhlig 1997
K30: Luyana group
K331, 332, 334
diu
Dciriku (K332, Gciriku, Diriku), Sambyu (K331), Rumanyo (K334, Manyo)
Möhlig 2007
K30: Luyana group
K333
mhw
Mbukushu (Thimbukushu)
Möhlig 1997; Larson 1981
K30: Luyana group
K34
mho
Mashi (Masi), Kwandu
Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Lisimba 1982
K30: Luyana group
K35
sie
Simaa, Mulonga (K351), Mbume (K321, Mbumi), Imilangu (K354), Mwenyi (K352)
Bostoen 2007; Fortune 1963; Lisimba 1982
K30: Luyana group
K36
-
Shanjo
de Luna 2008; Bostoen 2009
K40: Subiya-Totela group
K402
fwe
Fwe
Bostoen 2009; Seidel 2005; de Luna 2008; Pretorius 1975
K40: Subiya-Totela group
K41
ttl
Totela (Echitotela), Totela of Namibia (K411)
Seidel 2005; Crane 2011; de Luna 2008
K40: Subiya-Totela group
K42,
sbs
Subiya (Echisubia, Subia), Ikuhane (Chikuahane,
Seidel 2005; Ohly 1994
K40: Subiya-Totela group
K401
sbs
Chikwahane, Ciikuhane, Ikuhane, Mbalangwe (K401, Mbalanwe)
de Luna 2008
L10: Pende group
L11
pem
Pende (Bapende, Gipende, Giphende, Kipende, Pheende, Phende)
Weeckx 1938; Torday and Joyce 1922; Bittremieux 1939
L10: Pende group
L12b
hol
Holo (Holu, Kiholo, Kiholu), Yeci
Boone 1973; Atkins 1955
L10: Pende group
L13
kws
Kwese (Gikwezo, Kikwese, Kwezo, Ukwese)
Boone 1973; Forges 1983; Torday and Joyce 1907
L20: Songe group
L201
-
Budya (L201), Yazi (L202)
L20: Songe group
L21
kcv
Kete (Lu-Kete, Lukete, Ciket), East Kete (L21A), North Kete (L21B, Kete-Kuba), Kete-Lulua (L21C, South-West Kete)
Kamba Muzenga 1980: 3-4; Maes 1934; Boone 1973
L20: Songe group
L221
lwa
Lwalwa (Lwalu)
Boone 1973; Timmermans 1967; Bastin et al. 1999
L20: Songe group
L23
sop
Songe (Basonge, Kisonge, Kisongi, Kisongye, Luba-Songi, Lusonge), East Songye, North Songye (Ikaleebwe), South Songye, Beelandé 45
van Overbergh 1908; Stappers 1964: 3; Torday and Joyce 1922
L20: Songe group
L22/L231
bpj
Mbagani, Binji (Bindji, Babindji)
van Coillie 1949; Bastin et al.1999: 21
L20: Songe group
L24
luj
Luna-Inkongo, Northern Luba
Westcott no date
L30: Luba group
L31
lua
Luba-Lulua, Luba-Kasai (L31a, Tshiluba, Ciluba), West Luba (L31b, Lulua, Luluwa, Bena-Lulua)
de Clercq 1903: i-vi
L30: Luba group
L32
kny
Kanioka, Kanyok, Kanyoka
de Clercq 1900; Stappers 1986: xiv-xv
L30: Luba group
L33
lub
Luba-Katanga, Kiluba, East Luba, Luba-Shaba
Verhulpen 1936a
L30: Luba group
L34
hem
Hemba (Kiemba, Kihemba), Yazi (L202), Zela (K331, Kizela, Kimbote, Mbote), Eastern Luba, Luba-Hemba, Kebwe (L301)
Vandermeiren 1912; Bastin et al. 1999; van Bulck 1948; Kabange Mukala 2005
L30: Luba group
L35
sng
Sanga (Kisanga), Garengaze (Garenganze), South Luba, Luba-Sanga
Clarke 1911
L40: Kaonde group
L41
kqn
Kaonde (Chikahonde, Chikaonde, Kahonde, Kawonde,Luba Kaonde), Solwezi, Kasempa
Kashoki and Mann 1978
L50: Lunda group
L51
slx
Salampasu (Basala Mpasu, Chisalampasu), Luntu (L511, Luuntu, Bakwa Luntu)
Maes 1934; Denolf 1954
L50: Lunda group
L52
lun
Lunda (Balunda, Chilunda, Southern Lunda), Ndembu
McCulloch 1951; Kawasha 2003
L50: Lunda group
L53
rnd
Ruund (Ruwund, Chiluwunda, Lunda Kambove, Lunda-Kamboro, Luunda, Luwunda, Northern Lunda), Kanincin
Stappers 1954; Nash 1992
L60: Nkoya group
L60–62
nka
Nkoya (L62), Mbwela (L61, Mbwera, Mbowera), Kolwe (L601, Lukolwe), Lushangi (L602, Lushange), Shasha (L603, Mashasha), Mbowela (Mbwera, Shimbwera, Mbwela), Nkoya, Shasha, Shinkoya
Simwinga 2006; Gluckman 1951; McCulloch 1951: 93-101
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group
M11
piw
Pimbwe (Cipimbwe, Ichipimbwe, Icipimbwe, Kipimbwe)
Abe 2011; Chomba 1975; Maurice 1938
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group
M12
rnw
Rungwa (Ichirungwa, Icilungwa, Kirungwa, Lungwa, Nyalungwa, Runga)
Walsh and Swilla 2001
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group
M13
fip
Fipa (Fiba, Cifipa), Fipa-Sukuma (M13A), South Fipa (M13B), Kandaasi (M13C), Siiwa (M13D), Nkwaamba (M13E), Kwa (M13F), Kwaafi (M13G), Ntile (N13H, Cile, “Yantili”), Kuulwe (M131), Peemba (M13I)
Walsh and Swilla 2001; Willis 1966
M10: Fipa-Mambwe group
M14/15
mgr
Lungu (M14, Rungu), Mambwe (M14)
Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M201
lai
Lambya (Rambya), North Lambya (M201A), Central Lambya (M201B), South Lambya (M201C)
Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M21
wbh
Wanda (Wandia), Sichela
Walsh and Swilla 2001; Lindfors et al. 2009b
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M22
mwn
Inamwanga (Ichinamwanga, Namwanga, Nyamwanga), Iwa (M26), Tambo (M27, Tembo)
Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M23A
nkt
West Nyika, Nyika of Sumbawanga
Lindfors et al. 2009a
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M23B
nih
Central Nyiha, Nyiha of Mbozi
Lindfors et al. 2009a
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M23C
nyr
East Nyika, Nyika of Rungwe Lindfors et al. 2009a Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M23D
nkv
South Nyiha
Lindfors et al. 2009a; Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M24
mgq
Malila (Ishimalilia, Kimalila, Malela, Malilia)
Walsh and Swilla 2001
M20: Nyiha-Safwa group
M25
sbk
Safwa, Safwa of Mbeya (M25A), Mbwila (M25B, Uleenje), Soongwe (M25C), Polooto (M25D, Poroto), Guruka (M25E)
Walsh and Swilla 2001; Msanjila 2004
M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group
M301
ndh
Ndali (Chindali), Sukwa (Chisukwa)
Botne 2008; Kershner 2002
M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group
M31
nyy
Nyakyusa-Ngonde, Nyakyusa (M31A, Nyekyosa, Iki-Nyikusa), Kukwe (M31B, Ngumba), Mwamba (M31C, Lugulu, “Sokelo”), Ngonde (M31D), Selya (M31E, Kaaselya), Penja (M302)
Walsh and Swilla 2001
M40: Bemba group
M401
bwc
Bwile
Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999
M40: Bemba group
M402
auh
Aushi (Avaushi, Ushi, Usi, Uzhil, Vouaousi)
Doke 1933; Whiteley 1950
M40: Bemba group
M41
tap
Tabwa (Taabua, Taabwa, Ichitaabwa), Shila
Whiteley 1950
M40: Bemba group
M41
bem
Bemba (Icibemba, Wemba)
Whiteley 1950; Kashoki and Mann 1978
M50
M51–52
leb
Lala-Bisa, Bisa (M51, Wisa), Lala (M52, Ichilala), Ambo (M521), Unga, Twa of Bangweulu, Luano (M522)
Brelsford 1946; Whiteley 1950; von Rosen 1916
M50
M54
lam
Lamba, Swaka (M53), Lima (M541, Bulima), Temba (M542)
Doke 1922; Whiteley 1950; Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999: 219
M50
M55
kdg
Seba, Shishi
Whiteley 1950
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group
M61
leh
Lenje (Chilenje, Lengi, Lenji), Batwa of the Lukanga (M611), Ciina (Chinamukuni, Ciina Mukuni, Mukuni)
Shekleton 1908; de Luna 2008
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group
M62
sby
Soli (Chisoli)
de Luna 2008
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group
M63
ilb
Ila (Chiila [E18), Batwa of the Kafue (M633), Lundwe (M632)
Smith 1907; de Luna 2008; Doke 1928; Torrend 1931
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group
M631
shq
Sala (M631)
de Luna 2008
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group
M64
toi
Tonga (Chitonga, Tonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe), Ndawe, Plateau Tonga, Valley Tonga, We-Zambezi [E18]
de Luna 2008; Hachipola 1991
M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group
M651–652
dov
Toka (M651), Leya (M652, Reya), “Dombe”
Hachipola 1998; de Luna 2008
N10: Manda group
N101
dne
Ndendeule (Kidendauli, Kindendeule, Kindendeuli, Ndendeuli)
Nurse 1988; Booth 1905
N10: Manda group
N102
nxi
Nindi (Kinindi, Manundi)
Maho and Sands 2004; Booth 1905
N10: Manda group
N11
mgs
Manda (Kimanda), Matumba
Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988
N10: Manda group
N12
ngo
Ngoni of Tanzania (Angoni, Chingoni, Kingoni), Kisutu
Spiss 1904; Ebner 1955; Miti 1996
N10: Manda group
N13
mgv
Matengo (Chimatengo, Ki-Matengo, Kimatengo)
Yoneda 2000; Nurse 1988
N10: Manda group
N14
mpa
Mpoto (Chimpoto, Cimpoto, Kimpoto, Mpoto)
Nurse 1988
N10: Manda group
N15
tog
Tonga (Chitonga), Tonga of Malawi, Siska, Sisya
Turner 1952; Young 1933; Turner 1952
N20: Tumbuka group
N21
tum
Tumbuka (N21a, Chitumbuka, Citumbuka), Poka (N21b, Chipoka, Phoka), Kamanga (N21b, Nkhamanga, Henga, Ci-Henga), Senga (N21d, Senga in the Luangwa Valley in the Lundazi District), Yombe (N21e), Fungwe (N21f), Wenya (N21g)
Young 1923; Brelsford 1956
N30: Chewa-Nyanja group
N31
nya /mjh
Chewa-Nyanja, Nyanja (N31a, Chinyanja), Chewa (N31b, Achewa, Cewa), Manganja (N31c, South Nyanja), Mozambique Nyasa (N31D, Nyasa-Cewa), Maravi (Malawi), Peta, Mwera of Mbamba Bay(N201)27
Stigand 1909; of Malawi 2006; of Malawi 2009
N40: Senga-Sena group
N41
nse
Nsenga (Cinsenga, Chinsenga, Nsenga on the lower Luangwa in the Petauke-Lusaka-Feira districts), Kunda of Mambwe district
Miti 2004; Brelsford 1956
N40: Senga-Sena group
N42
kdn
Kunda (Achikunda, Chikunda, Cikunda)
Hachipola 1998; Brelsford 1956
N40: Senga-Sena group
N43
nyu
Nyungwe (Chinyungwe, Chinyungwi, Cinyungwe, Nyongwe, Yungwe), Tete (Tetense, Teta), Pimbi (Phimbi, Pimbe)
van der Mohl 1904
N40: Senga-Sena group
N44
seh
Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Mocambique Sena), Podzo (N46, Ci-Podzo, Phodzo, Shiputhsu, Chipodzo, Puthsu)
van der Mohl 1904
N40: Senga-Sena group
N441
swk
Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Malawi Sena)
Funnell 2004
N40: Senga-Sena group
N45
bwg
Rue (Barwe, Chirue), Balke (Cibalke)
Macalane 2000; Mangoya 2012; Hachipola 1998
P10: Matuumbi group
P11/12
ndg /rui
Ndengereko (Kindengereko, Kingengereko, Ndengeleko), Rufiji (Kirufiji)
Ström 2013
P10: Matuumbi group
P13
mgw
Matuumbi (Kimatumbi, Kimatuumbi, Matumbi)
Nurse 1988
P10: Matuumbi group
P14
nnq
Ngindo (Ci-Ngindo, Cingindo, Gindo, Kingindo, Njindo, Njinjo)
Cross-Upcott 1956; Nurse 1988
P10: Matuumbi group
P15
mgy
Mbunga (Bunga, Kimbunga)
Nurse 1988
P20: Yao group
P21
yao
Yao (Chiyao, Ciyao, Djao, Jao)
Whiteley 1966: xiii-xv
P20: Yao group
P22
mwe
Mwera (Cimwela, Cimwera, Kimwera, Mwela)
Harries 1950
P20: Yao group
P23/P24
kde /njd
Makonde (Simakonde, Chimakonde, Chinimakonde, Kimakonde, Konde, Makonde), “Mavia” (P25, Mávia, Maviha, Cimabiha, Mabiha, Kimawiha, Mawia, Chimaviha, Mawiha), Maraba (Chimaraba), Tambwe (Matambe, Matambwe, Chimatambwe), Chinnima, Ndonde (Chindonde)
Kraal 2005: 1-7
P20: Yao group
P23
mvw
Machinga
Steere 1876
P30: Makhuwa group
P31A,E
vmw
Central-Makhuwa, Makhuwa Enahara (P31E), Nampula
Kröger 2005; Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group
P31B,G
mgh
Meetto (Metto), Makhuwa-Meetto, Masasi, Ruvuma Makhuwa, Imithupi, Ikorovere
Kröger 2005; Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group
P31C
vmk
Chirima (Shirima)
Kröger 2005; Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group
P31C
kzn
Kokola
Shrum and Shrum 2001
P30: Makhuwa group
P31C
llb
Lolo
Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group
P31C
mny
Manyawa
Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group
P31C
vmr
Marenje (Emarendje, Marendje, Marenji)
Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002
P30: Makhuwa group
P31C
tke
Takwane (Thakwani)
Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002
P30: Makhuwa group
P31D
xmc
Marrevone (Marevone), Nampamela
Prata 1960; Kröger 2005
P30: Makhuwa group
P31F
xsq
Esaka (Esaaka, Saaka, Saanga, Saka, Sanga)
Katupha 1991
P30: Makhuwa group
P311
eko
Koti (Ekoti, Coti), “Angoje”
Schadeberg and Mucanheia 2000; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007
P30: Makhuwa group
P312
nte
Sakati (Sangaji, Esakaji), Enatthembo
Prata 1960; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007
P30: Makhuwa group
P32
ngl
Lomwe (Ilomwe, Lomue), Western Makua
Prata 1960
P30: Makhuwa group
P33,331
lon
Malawi Lomwe, Nguru (Ngulu, Anguru), Mihavane
Kayambazinthu 2004
P30: Makhuwa group
P34
chw
Central Chuwabo (Chichwabo, Chuabo, Chuwabo, Chuwabu, Txuwabo, Chwabo, Cuabo, Cuwabo, Echuabo), Quellimane
Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group
P34
cwb
Maindo, Badoni, Mitange
Vinton and Vinton 2001
P30: Makhuwa group
P341
mhm
Moniga (Emakhuwa-Emoniga, Emoniga)
Kröger 2005
R10: Umbundu group
R11
umb
Umbundu (M’bundo), Bailoundou (Mbalundu), Bihe, Hanya, Nano, Ovimbundu, South Mbundu, Mbali (R103, Kimbari, Olumbali30)
Hambly 1934; Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Lopes Cardoso 1966
R10: Umbundu group
R12
ndq
Ndombe (Dombe, Bandombe, Mondome)
Ferreira Diniz 1918
R10: Umbundu group
R13
nyk
Nyaneka (Nhaneca, Lunyaneka), Mwila (Olumuila, Huila, Muila), Ngambwe (Olungambwe)
Lang and Tastevin 1937
R10: Umbundu group
R14
khu
Khumbi (Lun’cumbi, Lunkumbi, Ngumbi, Nkhumbi, Nkumbi), Ndongwena (R215), Kwankwa (R216)
Estermann 1979; Nogueira 1885; Lusakalalu 2001
R20: Wambo group
R21
kua
Kwanyama (Kuanyama), Kafima (R211), Evale (R212), Northeastern Wambo
Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group
R214
lnb
Mbalanhu, Dombondola (R217), Mbandja (R213, Mbadja), Esinga (R218)
Fourie 1997; Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group
R22
ndo
Ndonga (Oshindonga), South-Eastern Wambo
Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group
R23
kwm
Kwambi, South-Central Wambo
Baucom 1972
R20: Wambo group
R24
nne
Ngandjera (Ngandyera), Kwaluudhi (R241), Kolonkhadi (R242), Eunda (R242, Oshiunda)
Baucom 1972
R30: Herero group
R101
olu
Kuvale (Kuroka), Kwisi (R102)
Jordan 2015
R30: Herero group
R31A,B,R312
her
Herero (Otjiherero), Central Herero (R31A), Mbandieru (R31B, Mbanderu, East Herero), Botswana Herero (R312, Mahalapye Herero)
Andersson and Janson 1997; Möhlig 2009
R30: Herero group
R311
dhm
North-West Herero, Kaokoland Herero, Dhimba (Zemba, Zimba), Tjimba Herero, Tjimba-Tjimba, Himba
Kunkel and Cameron 2002; Malan 1974
R40: Yeyi group
R41A,B
yey
Yei (Yeyi, Shiyei), “Kuba,” Bayeye, Ciyei, East Caprivi Yeyi (R41A), Ngamiland Yeyi (R41B)
Larson 1992; Seidel 2008
S10: Shona group
S11
twl
Shona, Korekore, Tavara (Tawala), Shangwe, Budya, Gova
Doke 1931
S10: Shona group
S12, S14
sna
Shona, Zezuru (S12, Shawasha, Harava, Hera), Karanga (S14, Duma, Govera, Jena, Nyubi)
Doke 1931
S10: Shona group
S13
mxc
Manyika (Bamanyeka, Chimanyika), Bocha (Boka), Guta, Jindwi, Hungwe
Doke 1931; Fortune 2004
S10: Shona group
S13
twx
Tewe (Teve), Chiute (Ciute, Ciutee)
Fortune 2004; Doke 1931
S10: Shona group
S15
ndc
Ndau (Chindau, “Sofala”), Garwe, Danda, Shanga, Xinyai
Mkanganwi 1972; Doke 1931
S10: Shona group
S16A,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L
kck
Kalanga (Ikalanga, West Shona), Lilima (S16C, S16K, Humba, Humbe, Limima, Peri), Nyai (S16D, Abanyai, Banyai, Rozvi, Wanyai), Lemba (S16E, Remba), Lembethu (S16F, Rembethu), Twamamba (S16G, Xwamamba), Pfumbi (S16H), Jawunda (S16I), Romwe (S16J), Talahundra (S16L)
Wentzel 1983; Doke 1931
S10: Shona group
S16B
nmq
Nambya (Nambzva)
Hachipola 1998; Borland 1984
S10: Shona group
-
dmx
Dema
Hachipola 1998
S20: Venda group
S21
ven
Venda (Central Venda), Phani (S21A), Ilafuri (S21B, West Venda),Manda (S21C, Central Venda), Mbedzi (S21D, East Venda),Tavhatsindi (S21E), Ronga (S21F, South-East Venda)
Mulaudzi 2010
S30: Sotho-Tswana group
S31
tsn
Tswana (Setswana, Sechwana), Central Tswana (S31a, Rolong, Ngwaketse), East Tswana (S31b, Kgatla, Tlokwa), North Tswana (S31c, Tawana, Ngwato, Kwena), South Tswana (S31E, Thlaping, Thlaro)
Malepe 1966; Schapera 1952
S30: Sotho-Tswana group
S311 (= S31d)
xkv
Kgalagadi (Kgalagarhi, Kgalagari, Qhalaxarzi)
Kalasi 2003; Krüger and de Plessis 1977
S30: Sotho-Tswana group
S32
nso
Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa), Pedi (S32a, Sepedi, Masemola, Tau, Komi, Transvaal Sotho), Lobedu (S32b, Kgaga), Gananwa (S32C, Xananwa, Hananwa), Kopa (S32D, Ndebele-Sotho), Eastern Sotho (Kutswe S302, Pai S303, Pulana S304), Phalaborwa (S301)
Doke 1954; Ziervogel 1954
S30: Sotho-Tswana group
S32E
brl
Birwa (S32E, Sebirwa, Virwa)
Batibo 1998; Andersson and Janson 1997: 41-42
S30: Sotho-Tswana group
S32F
two
Tswapong (Setswapong)
van Wyk 1969; Batibo 1998
S30: Sotho-Tswana group
S33
sot
Southern Sotho (Sesotho, Sisutho)
Jacottet 1927: i-xiii
S40: Nguni group
S407
nbl
South Ndebele (Isindebele, Nrebele), Ndzundza (Isindundza), Southern South African Ndebele, Southern Transvaal Ndebele
Skhosana 2009
S40: Nguni group
S408
-
Northern Transvaal Ndebele, Mbo, Moledlhana, Langa, Lidwaba, Sumayela Ndebele, Northern South African Ndebele
Ziervogel 1959
S40: Nguni group
S41
xho
Xhosa (Isixhosa, “Kaffir”), Mpondo (S41A, Pondo), Xesibe (S41B), Bomwana (S41C), Gaika (S41D), Gcaleka (S41E), Thembu (S41F), Mpondomise (S41G), Ndlambe (S41H), Hlubi (S403), Hlubi-Ciskei (S41I)
Mzamane 1962; Cantrell 1946; Ownby 1985
S40: Nguni group
S42
zul
Zulu (Isizulu), KwaZulu-Natal Zulu (S42A), Transvall Zulu (S42B), Qwabe (S42C), Cele (S42D), Ngoni of Malawi (N121), Bhaca (S402, Baca), Lala, Ingwavuma, Lala (S406, North Lala, South Lala), Old Mfengu (S401, Fingo)
Ownby 1985; van Dyk 1960; Miti 1996
S40: Nguni group
S43
ssw
Swati (Swazi, Siswati), Ngwane, Nhlangwini (S405), Phuthi (S404)
Ownby 1985; Mzamane 1948
S40: Nguni group
S44
nde
Ndebele of Zimbabwe (Sindebele, Ndebele, Tebele)
Ownby 1985
S50: Tswa-Rhonga group
S51
tsc
Tswa (Xitswa), Dzibi (S51A), Dzonga (S51B), Hlengwe (S511, Khambana-Makwakwe, Khambani, Lengwe, Lhengwe, Makwakwe-Khambana, Shilengwe)
Persson 1932
S50: Tswa-Rhonga group
S52/53
tso
Tsonga (Songa, Thonga, Tonga, Tsonga), Changana (Xichangana, Shangaan, Shangana), Xiluleke (S53A, Mhinga, Makuleke), N’walungu (S53B, Shingwalungu), Hlave (S53C), Nkuna (S53D), Gwamba (S53E (=S52), Gwapa), Nhlanganu (S53F, Shihlanganu), Djonga (S53G, Jonga), Bila (S53H)
Baumbach 1970
S50: Tswa-Rhonga group
S54
rng
Ronga (Gironga, Shironga), Landim (Landina), Konde, Xonga
Baumbach 1970
S60: Copi group
S61
cce
Copi (Chopi, Cicopi, Shichopi, Txopi), Lenge (S611, Xilenge, Lengue, Kilenge)
Bailey 1976; Lanham 1955
S60: Copi group
S62
toh
Tonga (Gitonga), Shengwe
See also
References
^ Hammarström, Harald (2019). An inventory of Bantu languages. In: Mark Van de Velde, Koen Bostoen, Derek Nurse, and Gérard Philippson eds.). The Bantu languages , 17-78. ISBN 9781138799677 .
External links
Guthrie's 1948 classification , in detail, with each language numbered
Maho 2009 . Guthrie 1971, in detail, with subsequent additions, corrections, and corresponding ISO codes as of Ethnologue 15. Coding conventions are explained in Nurse & Philippson (2003). They are (with invented examples):
A capital letter is added for an additional dialect of an existing language. That is, A15C would be a dialect of language A15 in addition to Guthrie's dialects A15a and A15b.
A third digit is added for an additional language. If its closest relative can be identified, the digit is added to that code. That is, A151 would be a non-Guthrie language closest to Guthrie's A15.
If a close relative has not been identified, the digit is added to the decade code. That is, A101 would be a language geographically in group A10, but not particularly close to any of Guthrie's A10 languages, or not known well enough to further classify.
Pidgins and creoles are indicated by adding a capital letter to the decade code. That is, A10A would be a pidgin or creole based on a language in group A10.
Zone A
A10 A20 A30 A40 A50 A60 A70 A80 A90
Zone B
Zone C
Zone D
D10 D20 D30 [J]D40 [J]D50 [J]D60
Zone E
[J]E10 [J]E20 [J]E30 [J]E40 E50 E60 E70
Zone F
Zone G
Zone H
Zone J*
[J]D40 [J]D50 [J]D60 [J]E10 [J]E20 [J]E30 [J]E40 [J]F20
Zone K
Zone L
Zone M