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List of Martian canals
This is an incomplete list of Martian canals from the erroneous belief in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that "Martian canals" existed on the surface of the red planet.[1][2] These canals were named by Giovanni Schiaparelli and Percival Lowell, amongst others, after real and legendary rivers of various places on Earth or the mythological underworld. A partial list of names are provided below with the regions that the canals were thought to connect.[3][4]
A
| Name
|
Pronunciation
|
Locationˈ
|
Source of name
|
| Acalandrus |
|
|
From a stream in Lucania, Italy, now called Calandro
|
| Acampsis |
|
|
From a river in Pontus that flowed into the Black Sea, now called Çoruh/Chorokhi
|
| Acesines |
|
|
From a Sicilian river, now called Cantara; also the name of Chenab, one of the rivers of the Punjab
|
| Achana |
|
|
From a river in northern Arabia
|
| Achates |
|
|
From a Sicilian river now called the Drillo, in which agates were found
|
| Acheloüs |
|
|
From Achelous, a river in western Greece
|
| Acheron |
|
|
From Acheron, both a real river in Epirus and a mythical river of Hades
|
| Acis |
|
|
From a Sicilian river now called Fiume di Iaci
|
| Aeacus |
|
N to S: runs through Cebrenia to the junction of Styx and Boreas canals |
|
| Aeolus |
|
|
From Aeolus, keeper of the winds in Greek mythology
|
| Aesis |
|
|
From an Italian river, now called Fiumesino
|
| Aethiops |
|
|
Means "the Ethiopian"
|
| Agathodaemon |
|
N to S: connects Tithonius Lacus to Aonius Sinus, opposite Protei Regio; just W of Aurea Cherso |
Means "good spirit"
|
| Alcyonius |
|
|
|
| Alpheus |
|
Runs NS through Hellas |
From the river Alpheios in the Peloponnesus of Greece
|
| Ambrosia |
|
S to N: connects Solis Lacus with Bosphorus Gemmatus, running through Thaumasia |
From ambrosia, the legendary food of the gods
|
| Amenthes |
|
|
|
| Amphrysus |
|
|
From a Thessalian river, now called Armiro
|
| Amystis |
|
|
From a river of India
|
| Anapus |
|
|
From an Acarnanian or Sicilian river
|
| Anian |
|
|
After the Strait of Anián, a mythical water passage in the American northwest |
|
| Antaeus |
|
NW to SE: from the junction of Cerberus and Eunostos canals to the Atlantis region |
From Antaeus, son of Earth, a gigantic opponent of Heracles
|
| Anubis |
|
|
From the Egyptian god Anubis
|
| Apis |
|
|
From the Egyptian god Apis
|
| Araxes |
|
E to W: connects Phoenicis Lacus with the E end of Mare Sirenum |
From Araxes, a river in eastern Anatolia, northern Iran
|
| Argaeus |
|
Flows S from pole to junction of Pyramus and Pierius canals |
|
| Arges |
|
|
|
| Arnon |
|
N to S: connects Arethusa Lacus to Ismenius Lacus |
From the small river Arnon now in the Kingdom of Jordan
|
| Aroeris |
|
NE to SW: from "Copais Palus" to Ismenius Lacus |
|
| Arosis |
|
|
|
| Arsanias |
|
|
From an Armenian river
|
| Artanes |
|
|
|
| Ascanius |
|
|
From the Trojan Ascanius, son of Aeneas
|
| Asclepius |
|
|
From the Greek deity of healing Asclepius
|
| Asopus |
|
|
|
| Astaboras |
|
E to W: connects Syrtis Major to Ismenius Lacus |
From a name for the Atbarah river, a branch of the upper Nile
|
| Astapus |
|
|
From a name for the Blue Nile river
|
| Astusapes |
|
|
From a name for the White Nile river
|
| Atax |
|
|
|
| Athesis |
|
|
From the river Adige in Venezia
|
| Athyr |
|
|
From a form of the name of the Egyptian goddess Hathor
|
| Avernus |
|
NE to SW: connects Ammonii Fons to the E end of Mare Cimmerium via Aquae Apollinaris |
From Avernus, a river of Hades
|
| Avus |
|
|
|
| Axius |
|
|
|
| Axon |
|
|
|
B-D
| Bactrus |
|
|
From a river of Bactria
|
| Baetis |
|
|
From the classical name of the Guadalquivir river
|
| Bathys |
|
|
From a river of Pontus
|
| Bautis |
|
|
|
| Belus |
|
|
|
| Boreas |
|
E to W: connects Propontis to Anian canal |
From Boreas, the Greek name for the North Wind
|
| Boreosyrtis |
|
E to W in curve between Utopia and Dioscuria |
|
| Brontes |
|
|
|
| Cadmus |
|
|
From the Greek hero Cadmus
|
| Caicus |
|
|
|
| Callirrhoë |
|
|
Means "flowing beautifully"
|
| Cambyses |
|
|
|
| Cantabras |
|
|
|
| Carpis |
|
|
|
| Casius |
|
NW to SE: connects Copaïs Palus to Nodus Alcyonius |
|
| Casuentus |
|
|
|
| Catarrhactes |
|
|
|
| Caÿster |
|
|
–
|
| Cedron |
|
NW to SE; connects the Jaxartes canal to Arethusa Lacus |
From the Brook of Cedron near Jerusalem
|
| Centrites |
|
|
|
| Cephissus |
|
|
From any of several rivers in Greece called Cephissus
|
| Ceraunius |
|
A broad canal, or pair of canals, running NS from Tharsis down to between Tempe and Arcadia |
|
| Cerberus |
|
NE to SW: connects Trivium Charontis to the W end of Mare Cimmerium |
From the name of the dog Cerberus that guards the gates of Hades
|
| Cestrus |
|
|
|
| Chaboras |
|
|
|
| Chretes |
|
|
|
| Choaspes |
|
|
From Choaspes, a river of Susiana, Persia
|
| Chrysas |
|
|
|
| Chrysorrhoas |
|
N to S: connects Lunae Lacus to Tithonius Lacus |
Means "flowing with gold"
|
| Cinyphus |
|
|
|
| Clitumnus |
|
|
|
| Clodianus |
|
|
|
| Cocytus |
|
|
Named for Cocytus, a mythical river of Hades
|
| Cophen |
|
|
|
| Coprates |
|
|
|
| Corax |
|
|
|
| Cyaneus |
|
|
|
| Cyclops |
|
Southern continuation of Galaxias canal, running from the junction of Cerberus and Eunostos to Mare Cimmerium |
Named for the one-eyed monster Cyclops of Greek myth
|
| Cydnus |
|
|
|
| Cyrus |
|
|
|
| Daemon |
|
|
|
| Daix |
|
|
|
| Daradax |
|
|
|
| Dardanus |
|
E to W: connects Niliacus Lacus to Ceraunius canal |
|
| Dargamenes |
|
|
|
| Deuteronilus |
|
E to W: connects Ismenius Lacus to Niliacus Lacus via Dirce Fons |
Means 'Second Nile'
|
| Digentia |
|
|
|
| Dosaron |
|
|
|
| Drahonus |
|
|
|
E-F
| Elison |
|
|
|
| Eosphoros |
|
NW to SE: connects Phoenicis Lacus to Solis Lacus |
Means "bringer of dawn"
|
| Erannoboas |
|
|
A river of India
|
| Erebus |
|
|
From Erebus, a name for the Underworld
|
| Erigone |
|
|
|
| Erinaeus |
|
|
|
| Erinnys |
|
E to W: connects the W end of Mare Sirenum to Titanum Sinus in Memnonia |
From the mythical Erinyes
|
| Erymanthus |
|
|
|
| Eulaeus |
|
|
|
| Eumenides |
|
NW to SE: the SE continuation of Orcus canal, from Nodus Gordii to Phoenicis Lacus |
From another name for the Erinyes
|
| Eunostos |
|
|
|
| Euphrates |
|
N to S: connects Sinus Sabaeus to Ismenius Lacus |
From the river Euphrates in Mesopotamia, one of the four rivers of the Garden of Eden
|
| Euripus |
|
SE to NW, connects Mare Tyrrhenum and Mare Hadriaticum, running through Ausonia |
After the strait between Euboea and Boeotia
|
| Eurotas |
|
|
After the river Eurotas in Greece
|
| Eurymedon |
|
|
|
| Eurypus |
|
|
|
| Evenus |
|
|
aka Euenus
|
| Feuos |
|
|
aka Fevos [ ˈfivɒs ]
|
| Fortunae |
|
|
Means "of Fortune"
|
G-H
| Gaesus |
|
|
|
| Galaesus |
|
|
|
| Galaxias |
|
N to S: from Anian to the junction of Cerberus and Eunostos S of Elysium |
|
| Ganges |
|
N to S: connects Lunae Lacus to Aurorae Sinus |
From the Ganges, a river of India
|
| Ganymede |
|
|
From Ganymede, the cupbearer of Zeus
|
| Garrhuenus |
|
|
|
| Gehon |
|
N to S: connects Mare Acidalium to the W end of Sinus Sabaeus |
From Gihon, one of the four rivers of Eden Also spelled Gihon [ ˈdʒajɒn ]
|
| Gigas |
|
NE to SW: connects Ascraeus Lacus to Titanum Sinus via Lucus Maricae |
From the mythical monsters called Gigantes
|
| Glaucus |
|
|
|
| Gorgon |
|
Connects Mare Sirenum and the Eumenides canal near Nodus Gordii |
From the mythical monster Gorgon
|
| Gyes |
|
|
|
| Gyndes |
|
|
From a river flowing into the Tigris
|
| Hades |
|
N to S: connects Trivium Charontis and Propontis |
From the Greek name for the Underworld and its ruling deity, Hades
|
| Halys |
|
|
|
| Harpasus |
|
|
|
| Hebe |
|
|
|
| Hebrus |
|
|
|
| Heliconius |
|
E to W: connects Sithonius Lacus to Copaïs Palus |
|
| Helisson |
|
|
|
| Hephaestus |
|
|
From the god Hephaestus
|
| Heratemis |
|
|
|
| Hiddekel |
|
NE to SW: connects Ismenius Lacus to Fastigium Aryn at the western end of Sinus Sabaeus |
From the Hebrew name for the Tigris, a river of Mesopotamia and one of the four rivers of Eden
|
| Hipparis |
|
|
|
| Hippus |
|
|
|
| Hyblaeus |
|
NE to SW: connects Anian canal to Hephaestus canal |
|
| Hyctanis |
|
|
|
| Hydaspes |
|
|
From the Greek name for the Jhelum river of India
|
| Hydraotes |
|
SE to NW; connects Margaritifer Sinus to Lunae Lacus |
After the Greek name for the Ravi river of India
|
| Hydriacus |
|
|
|
| Hylias |
|
|
|
| Hyllus |
|
|
|
| Hyphasis |
|
|
|
| Hypsas |
|
|
|
| Hyscus |
|
|
|
I-M
| Idalius |
|
|
|
| Ilissus |
|
|
|
| Indus |
|
N to S: connects Niliacus Lacus to Margaritifer Sinus |
From the Indus, a river of India
|
| Iris |
|
N to S: connects Phoenicis Lacus to Ceraunius canal |
Named for the goddess of the rainbow Iris
|
| Isis |
|
|
From the Egyptian goddess Isis
|
| Issedon |
|
|
|
| Jamuna |
|
N to S; connects Niliacus Lacus to Aurorae Sinus |
From the Yamuna or Jumna, a river of India
|
| Jaxartes |
|
|
From an old name for the Syr Darya, a river of Transoxiana
|
| Jordanis |
|
|
From the river Jordan in the Holy Land
|
| Kison |
|
|
|
| Labotas |
|
|
|
| Laestrygon |
|
N to S: connects Trivium Charontis to Mare Cimmerium |
|
| Leontes |
|
|
|
| Lethes |
|
N to S: connects Hephaestus canal to Syrtis Minor |
From Lethe, a mythical river of Hades
|
| Liris |
|
|
|
| Maeander |
|
|
|
| Magon |
|
|
|
| Malva |
|
|
From the river Malua in Mauretania
|
| Margus |
|
|
|
| Medus |
|
|
|
| Medusa |
|
|
From the mythical monster Medusa
|
| Mogrus |
|
|
|
N-O
| Nectar |
|
Runs E from Solis Lacus to Nectaris Fons (near Protei Regio) |
From nectar, the legendary drink of the gods
|
| Neda |
|
|
A river of the Peloponnesus
|
| Nepenthes |
|
NE to SW: from junction of Thoth and Triton canals to Syrtis Major via Lacus Moeris |
|
| Nereides |
|
|
From the nymphs called Nereids
|
| Nestus |
|
|
A river of Thrace
|
| Neudrus |
|
|
A river of India
|
| Nilokeras |
|
E to W: connects Niliacus Lacus with Lunae Lacus |
Means "horn of the Nile"
|
| Nilosyrtis |
|
A broad canallike feature, running N from the tip of Syrtis Major to Coloë Palus |
|
| Nilus |
|
|
From the Nile, the river of Egypt
|
| Nymphaeus |
|
|
A river of Armenia
|
| Oceanus |
|
|
From Oceanus, a mythical river surrounding the world and the Titan who shared its name
|
| Ochus |
|
|
A river of Bactriana
|
| Opharus |
|
|
A river of Sarmatia
|
| Orcus |
|
NW to SE: connects Trivium Charontis to Nodus Gordii, where it turns into Eumenides canal |
From Orcus, a synonym of Hades
|
| Orontes |
|
E to SW: connects Serbonis Palus to Sabaeus Sinus |
From the Orontes, a river of Syria
|
| Orosines |
|
|
|
| Oxus |
|
NE to SW: connects the Deuteronilus and the Indus canals |
From an old name for the Amu Darya, a river of Central Asia
|
P-R
| Pactolus |
|
|
From the river Pactolus in Anatolia
|
| Padargus |
|
|
|
| Palamnus |
|
|
|
| Parcae |
|
|
|
| Peneus |
|
Runs EW through Hellas |
From the Peneios river in the Peloponnesus of Greece
|
| Permessus |
|
|
|
| Pierius |
|
E to W: connects Copaïs Palus and Arethusa Lacus |
|
| Phasis |
|
N to S: connects Phoenicis Lacus and Aonius Sinus |
|
| Phison |
|
N to S: connects Coloë Palus to Sinus Sabaeus |
From Pishon, one of the four rivers of Eden
|
| Phlegethon |
|
|
From the Phlegethon, a mythical river of Hades
|
| Protonilus |
|
E to W: connects Coloë Palus and Ismenius Lacus |
Means "first Nile"
|
| Psychrus |
|
|
|
| Pyramus |
|
S from pole via Copaïs Palus to junction of Boreosyrtis and Cadmus canals |
|
| Pyriphlegethon |
|
NW to SE: connecting Propontis and Lacus Phoenicis |
From Pyriphlegethon ("fiery Phlegethon"), a mythical river of Hades
|
| Python |
|
|
From the monster Python which Apollo killed
|
| Rha |
|
|
From a classical name for the river Volga
|
| Rhyndacus |
|
|
From the classical river Rhyndacus in Anatolia
|
S-X
| Scamander |
|
S to N from Mare Chronium to Mare Cimmerium, between Electris and Eridania |
From the river Scamander in the Troad
|
| Sesamus |
|
|
From a Paphlagonian river
|
| Simoïs |
|
S to N from Mare Chronium to Mare Cimmerium between Phaëthontis and Electris |
From the river Simoïs in the Troad
|
| Sirenius |
|
N to S: connects the Tanais canal near Nerigos with the E end of Mare Sirenum |
Means "of the Sirens
|
| Siris |
|
|
From an Italian river in Lucania
|
| Sitacus |
|
NE to SW: connects Coloë Palus to Fastigium Aryn |
From the name of a river in Persis
|
| Steropes |
|
|
From the name of a Cyclops
|
| Styx |
|
|
From the mythical river Styx in Hades
|
| Surius |
|
|
From a river of Colchis
|
| Tanaïs |
|
|
From Tanais, an old name for the river Don in Sarmatia
|
| Tantalus |
|
|
From Tantalus, a mythical king imprisoned in Hades
|
| Tartarus |
|
N to S: connects Trivium Charontis to Titanum Sinus |
From Tartarus, a name for the Underworld
|
| Tedanius |
|
|
From an Illyrian river
|
| Thermodon |
|
|
|
| Thoth |
|
|
From the name of the Egyptian god Thoth
|
| Thyanis |
|
|
Possibly an error for Thyamus, the name of a river of Epirus
|
| Titan |
|
|
From the Titans, the relatives and opponents of the gods
|
| Tithonius |
|
|
|
| Triton |
|
NW to SE: connects Nepenthes canal to the W end of Mare Cimmerium |
From the seadeity Triton
|
| Tyndis |
|
|
|
| Typhon |
|
E to W: connects Deltoton Sinus to Sirbonis Palus |
|
| Typhonius |
|
|
|
| Ulysses |
|
|
From Ulysses, the Roman name for Odysseus
|
| Uranius |
|
E to W: connects Lunae Lacus to Ascraeus Lacus |
|
| Xanthus |
|
N to S: connects Mare Tyrrhenum to Promethei Sinus, between Eridania and Ausonia |
Means "yellow"
|
| Xenius |
|
NE to SW: connects Arethusa Lacus to Dirce Fons |
|
Sources
References
External links
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