Sovereign states
A
B
C
D
E
- England – Kingdom of England (in personal union with Scotland)
- Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
F
G
H
I
- Ijebu – Ijebu Kingdom
- Iran – Expansive Realm of Iran
- Ireland – Irish Catholic Confederation
J
K
L
- Lan Na – Lan Na Kingdom
- Lo – Kingdom of Lo
- Lucca – Republic of Lucca
M
N
- Ndongo – Kingdom of Ndongo
- Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
- Netherlands – Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
- Ngoyo – Kingdom of Ngoyo
- Noli – Republic of Noli
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Non-sovereign territories
England
Notes
- ^ Philip IV sometimes used the title of "King of Spain", but actually ruled over a dynastic union consisting of the Crown of Aragon (Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Mallorca, Naples, Sardinia, and Sicily), the Crown of Castile (Castile and León) and the Spanish Netherlands. This empire did not have a national flag in 1648.