Taken by various of satellites throughout the modern era, these are the most intense tropical cyclones in each basin. Out of all these tropical cyclones, Typhoon Tip had the lowest atmospheric pressure measured in a tropical cyclone, at 870 mbar (25.69 inHg). It is the third image in the first row.
Winds are often used to measure intensity as they commonly cause notable impacts over large areas, and most popular tropical cyclone scales are organized around sustained wind speeds. However, variations in the averaging period of winds in different basins make inter-comparison difficult. In addition, other impacts like rainfall, storm surge, area of wind damage, and tornadoes can vary significantly in storms with similar wind speeds. Pressure is often used to compare tropical cyclones because the measurements are easier and use consistent methodology worldwide, in contrast to difficult-to-estimate maximum sustained winds whose measurement methods vary widely. Tropical cyclones can attain some of the lowest pressures over large areas on Earth. However, although there is a strong connection between lowered pressures and higher wind speeds, storms with the lowest pressures may not have the highest wind speeds, as each storm's relationship between wind and pressure is slightly different.[ 1]
In the most recent and reliable records, most tropical cyclones which attained a pressure of 900 hPa (mbar ) (26.56 inHg ) or less have occurred in the Western North Pacific Ocean. The strongest tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, as measured by minimum central pressure , was Typhoon Tip , which reached a pressure of 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) on October 12, 1979.[ 2] Furthermore, on October 23, 2015, Hurricane Patricia attained the strongest 1-minute sustained winds on record at 185 knots (95 m/s; 215 mph; 345 km/h).[ 3]
The data below are subdivided by basin . Data listed are provided by the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre , unless otherwise noted.
North Atlantic Ocean
Hurricane Allen at peak intensity, peaking with the highest winds in a tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Atlantic basin
Hurricane Wilma at peak intensity, peaking with the lowest pressure in a tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Atlantic basin
The most intense storm in the North Atlantic by lowest pressure was Hurricane Wilma . The strongest storm by 1-minute sustained winds was Hurricane Allen .
Storms which reached a minimum central pressure of 920 millibars (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information has been compiled back to 1851, though measurements were rarer until aircraft reconnaissance started in the 1940s, and inexact estimates were still predominant until dropsondes were implemented in the 1970s.[ 4]
Cyclone
Season
Peak classification
Peak 1-min sustained winds
Pressure
"Cuba"
1924
Category 5 hurricane
270 km/h (165 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
"Cuba"
1932
Category 5 hurricane
280 km/h (175 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
"Labor Day"
1935
Category 5 hurricane
295 km/h (185 mph)
892 hPa (26.34 inHg)
"Great Atlantic"
1944
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
918 hPa (27.11 inHg)
Janet
1955
Category 5 hurricane
280 km/h (175 mph)
914 hPa (26.99 inHg)
Esther
1961
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
919 hPa (27.14 inHg)
Hattie
1961
Category 5 hurricane
270 km/h (165 mph)
914 hPa (26.99 inHg)
Camille
1969
Category 5 hurricane
280 km/h (175 mph)
900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
Allen
1980
Category 5 hurricane
305 km/h (190 mph)
899 hPa (26.55 inHg)
Gloria
1985
Category 4 hurricane
240 km/h (150 mph)
919 hPa (27.14 inHg)
Gilbert
1988
Category 5 hurricane
295 km/h (185 mph)
888 hPa (26.22 inHg)
Hugo
1989
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
918 hPa (27.11 inHg)
Opal
1995
Category 4 hurricane
240 km/h (150 mph)
916 hPa (27.05 inHg)
Mitch
1998
Category 5 hurricane
285 km/h (180 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
Isabel
2003
Category 5 hurricane
270 km/h (165 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Ivan
2004
Category 5 hurricane
270 km/h (165 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Katrina
2005
Category 5 hurricane
280 km/h (175 mph)
902 hPa (26.64 inHg)
Rita
2005
Category 5 hurricane
285 km/h (180 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Wilma
2005
Category 5 hurricane
295 km/h (185 mph)
882 hPa (26.05 inHg)
Dean
2007
Category 5 hurricane
280 km/h (175 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
Irma
2017
Category 5 hurricane
285 km/h (180 mph)
914 hPa (26.99 inHg)
Maria
2017
Category 5 hurricane
280 km/h (175 mph)
908 hPa (26.81 inHg)
Michael
2018
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
919 hPa (27.14 inHg)
Dorian
2019
Category 5 hurricane
295 km/h (185 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Iota
2020
Category 4 hurricane
250 km/h (155 mph)
917 hPa (27.08 inHg)
Source: Atlantic Hurricane Best Track File 1851–2023 (NHC ) [ 5]
Eastern Pacific Ocean
Hurricane Patricia shortly after peak intensity, highest global sustained winds and lowest pressure in the Western Hemisphere
Hurricane Ioke at its record peak intensity, also the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific
The most intense storm in the Eastern Pacific Ocean by both sustained winds and central pressure was Hurricane Patricia . Its sustained winds of 345 km/h (215 mph) are also the highest on record globally.
Storms with a minimum central pressure of 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1949, and most storms since are only estimated because landfalls (and related reconnaissance) are less common in this basin.[ 6]
Cyclone
Season
Peak classification
Peak 1-min sustained winds
Pressure
Ava
1973
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Annette
1976
Category 4 hurricane
220 km/h (140 mph)
925 hPa (27.32 inHg)
Trudy
1990
Category 4 hurricane
250 km/h (155 mph)
924 hPa (27.29 inHg)
Gilma
1994
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Olivia
1994
Category 4 hurricane
240 km/h (150 mph)
923 hPa (27.26 inHg)
Guillermo
1997
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
919 hPa (27.14 inHg)
Linda
1997
Category 5 hurricane
295 km/h (185 mph)
902 hPa (26.64 inHg)
Juliette
2001
Category 4 hurricane
230 km/h (145 mph)
923 hPa (27.26 inHg)
Elida
2002
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
921 hPa (27.20 inHg)
Hernan
2002
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
921 hPa (27.20 inHg)
Kenna
2002
Category 5 hurricane
270 km/h (165 mph)
913 hPa (26.96 inHg)
Ioke
2006
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Rick
2009
Category 5 hurricane
285 km/h (180 mph)
906 hPa (26.75 inHg)
Celia
2010
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
921 hPa (27.20 inHg)
Marie
2014
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
918 hPa (27.11 inHg)
Odile
2014
Category 4 hurricane
220 km/h (140 mph)
918 hPa (27.11 inHg)
Patricia
2015
Category 5 hurricane
345 km/h (215 mph)
872 hPa (25.75 inHg)
Walaka
2018
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
921 hPa (27.20 inHg)
Willa
2018
Category 5 hurricane
260 km/h (160 mph)
925 hPa (27.32 inHg)
Otis
2023
Category 5 hurricane
270 km/h (165 mph)
922 hPa (27.23 inHg)
Source: East Pacific Hurricane Best Track File 1949–2023 (NHC ) [ 7]
Western Pacific Ocean
The most intense storm by lowest pressure and peak 10-minute sustained winds was Typhoon Tip , which was also the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in terms of minimum central pressure.
Storms with a minimum pressure of 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1950.[ 6]
Cyclone
Year
Peak classification
Peak 10-min sustained winds
Pressure
Unnamed
1927
Unknown
Not specified
887 hPa (26.19 inHg)[ 8]
Allyn
1949
Violent typhoon
Not specified
884 hPa (26.10 inHg)
Clara
1950
Violent typhoon
Not specified
899 hPa (26.55 inHg)
Marge
1951
Violent typhoon
Not specified
886 hPa (26.16 inHg)
Wilma
1952
Violent typhoon
Not specified
893 hPa (26.37 inHg)
Nina
1953
Violent typhoon
Not specified
885 hPa (26.13 inHg)
Ida
1954
Violent typhoon
Not specified
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Ida
1958
Violent typhoon
Not specified
877 hPa (25.90 inHg)
Vera
1959
Violent typhoon
Not specified
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Joan
1959
Violent typhoon
Not specified
885 hPa (26.13 inHg)
Nancy
1961
Violent typhoon
Not specified
882 hPa (26.05 inHg)
Violet
1961
Violent typhoon
Not specified
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Emma
1962
Violent typhoon
Not specified
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Karen
1962
Violent typhoon
Not specified
894 hPa (26.40 inHg)
Sally
1964
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Wilda
1964
Violent typhoon
Not specified
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Opal
1964
Violent typhoon
Not specified
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Kit
1966
Violent typhoon
Not specified
880 hPa (25.99 inHg)
Elsie
1969
Violent typhoon
Not specified
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Viola
1969
Violent typhoon
Not specified
896 hPa (26.46 inHg)
Hope
1970
Violent typhoon
Not specified
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Amy
1971
Violent typhoon
Not specified
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Irma
1971
Violent typhoon
Not specified
885 hPa (26.13 inHg)
Patsy
1973
Violent typhoon
Not specified
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Nora
1973
Violent typhoon
Not specified
875 hPa (25.84 inHg)
Elsie
1975
Violent typhoon
Not specified
900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
June
1975
Violent typhoon
Not specified
875 hPa (25.84 inHg)
Louise
1976
Violent typhoon
205 km/h (125 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Rita
1978
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
880 hPa (25.99 inHg)
Tip
1979
Violent typhoon
260 km/h (160 mph)
870 hPa (25.69 inHg)
Wynne
1980
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Elsie
1981
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Mac
1982
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Abby
1983
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Forrest
1983
Violent typhoon
205 km/h (125 mph)
885 hPa (26.13 inHg)
Marge
1983
Violent typhoon
205 km/h (125 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Vanessa
1984
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
880 hPa (25.99 inHg)
Dot
1985
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Betty
1987
Violent typhoon
205 km/h (125 mph)
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Flo
1990
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Ruth
1991
Violent typhoon
215 km/h (130 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Yuri
1991
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Megi
2010
Violent typhoon
230 km/h (145 mph)
885 hPa (26.13 inHg)
Haiyan
2013
Violent typhoon
230 km/h (145 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Meranti
2016
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Surigae
2021
Violent typhoon
220 km/h (140 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
Source: Western North Pacific Typhoon Best Track File 1951–2024 (JMA ) [ 9]
North Indian Ocean
Satellite image of
the cyclone as it made landfall in Odisha
The most intense tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean by both sustained winds and central pressure was the 1999 Odisha cyclone , with 3-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) and a minimum pressure of 912 hPa (26.93 inHg).
Storms with an intensity of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) or less are listed.
Cyclone
Season
Peak classification
Peak 3-min sustained winds
Pressure
Refs
Two
1963
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
195 km/h (120 mph)
947 hPa (27.96 inHg)
Three
1963
Super cyclonic storm
240 km/h (150 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
1977 Andhra Pradesh
1977
Super cyclonic storm
230 km/h (145 mph)
943 hPa (27.85 inHg)
[ 10]
Unnamed
1978
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
205 km/h (125 mph)
940 hPa (27.76 inHg)
[ 11]
1978 Unnamed
1978
Super cyclonic storm
220 km/h (140 mph)
938 hPa (27.70 inHg)
[ 11]
Unnamed
1979
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
185 km/h (115 mph)
936 hPa (27.64 inHg)
[ 12]
BOB 01
1982
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
940 hPa (27.76 inHg)
[ 13]
Gay
1989
Super cyclonic storm
230 km/h (145 mph)
930 hPa (27.46 inHg)
[ 13]
1990 Andhra Pradesh
1990
Super cyclonic storm
235 km/h (145 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
[ 13]
1991 Bangladesh
1991
Super cyclonic storm
235 km/h (145 mph)
918 hPa (27.11 inHg)
[ 13]
1994 BOB 02
1994
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
940 hPa (27.76 inHg)
[ 13]
1999 Pakistan
1999
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
195 km/h (120 mph)
946 hPa (27.94 inHg)
[ 13]
1999 Odisha
1999
Super cyclonic storm
260 km/h (160 mph)
912 hPa (26.93 inHg)
[ 13]
2001 India
2001
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
932 hPa (27.52 inHg)
[ 13]
Gonu
2007
Super cyclonic storm
240 km/h (150 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
[ 13]
Sidr
2007
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
944 hPa (27.88 inHg)
[ 13]
Giri
2010
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
195 km/h (120 mph)
950 hPa (28.05 inHg)
[ 13]
Phailin
2013
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
940 hPa (27.76 inHg)
[ 13]
Hudhud
2014
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
185 km/h (115 mph)
950 hPa (28.05 inHg)
[ 13]
Nilofar
2014
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
205 km/h (125 mph)
950 hPa (28.05 inHg)
[ 13]
Chapala
2015
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
940 hPa (27.76 inHg)
[ 13]
Fani
2019
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
932 hPa (27.52 inHg)
Kyarr
2019
Super cyclonic storm
240 km/h (150 mph)
922 hPa (27.23 inHg)
Amphan
2020
Super cyclonic storm
240 km/h (150 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Tauktae
2021
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
185 km/h (115 mph)
950 hPa (28.05 inHg)
Mocha
2023
Extremely severe cyclonic storm
215 km/h (130 mph)
938 hPa (27.70 inHg)
South-West Indian Ocean
The most intense tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean was Cyclone Gafilo . By 10-minute sustained wind speed, the strongest tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean was Cyclone Fantala .
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985.[ 6]
Cyclone
Season
Peak classification
Peak 10-min sustained winds
Pressure
Chris–Damia
1981–82
Intense tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
898 hPa (26.52 inHg)
[ 14]
Geralda
1993–94
Intense tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
[ 15]
Litanne
1993–94
Intense tropical cyclone
195 km/h (120 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
[ 15]
Marlene
1994–95
Intense tropical cyclone
185 km/h (115 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
[ 16]
Bonita
1995–96
Intense tropical cyclone
185 km/h (115 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
[ 17]
Daniella
1996–97
Intense tropical cyclone
195 km/h (120 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
[ 18]
Hudah
1999–2000
Very Intense tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
[ 19]
Dina
2001–02
Intense tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
[ 20]
Guillaume
2001–02
Intense tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
[ 20]
Hary
2001–02
Very Intense tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
[ 20]
Kalunde
2002–03
Intense tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
Gafilo
2003–04
Very Intense tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
895 hPa (26.43 inHg)
[ 21]
Adeline–Juliet
2004–05
Very Intense tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
[ 22]
Bento
2004–05
Intense tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
[ 23]
Carina
2005–06
Intense tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
[ 24]
Hondo
2007–08
Intense tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
[ 25]
Edzani
2009–10
Very Intense tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
[ 26]
Bruce
2013–14
Very Intense tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Colin
2013–14
Intense tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Hellen
2013–14
Very Intense tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Bansi
2014–15
Very Intense tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Eunice
2014–15
Very Intense tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Fantala
2015–16
Very Intense tropical cyclone
250 km/h (155 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Darian
2022–23
Very Intense tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Australian region
The most intense tropical cyclone(s) in the Australian Region were cyclones Gwenda and Inigo . By 10-minute sustained wind speed, the strongest were Cyclone Orson , Cyclone Monica and Cyclone Marcus .
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985.[ 6]
Cyclone
Season
Peak classification
Peak 10-min sustained winds
Pressure
Mahina
1898–99
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
Unknown
880 hPa (25.99 inHg)[ nb 1] [ 27] [ 28]
Joan
1975–76
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Amy
1979–80
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Kathy
1983–84
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
916 hPa (27.05 inHg)
Orson
1988–89
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
250 km/h (155 mph)
904 hPa (26.70 inHg)
Graham
1991–92
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Rewa
1993–94
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Theodore
1993–94
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Chloe
1994–95
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Pancho-Helinda
1996–97
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Thelma
1998–99
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Vance
1998–99
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Frederic-Evrina
1998–99
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Gwenda
1998–99
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
John
1999–2000
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Paul
1999–2000
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Chris
2001–02
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Inigo
2002–03
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
Fay
2003–04
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Floyd
2005–06
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone
195 km/h (120 mph)
916 hPa (27.05 inHg)
Glenda
2005–06
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Monica
2005–06
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
250 km/h (155 mph)
916 hPa (27.05 inHg)
George
2006–07
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
902 hPa (26.64 inHg)
Marcus
2017–18
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
250 km/h (155 mph)
905 hPa (26.72 inHg)
Darian
2022–23
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Ilsa
2022–23
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Source: Database of past tropical cyclone tracks (BOM )[ 29]
South Pacific Ocean
Cyclone Zoe at peak intensity and also the second most intense tropical cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere.
A total of 16 cyclones are listed down below reaching/surpassing an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg), with most of them occurring during El Niño seasons. Tropical cyclones that have been recorded since the start of the 1969–70 Tropical Cyclone year and have reached their peak intensity to the west of 160E are included in the list. The most intense tropical cyclone in the south Pacific, Cyclone Winston of 2016, is also the most intense storm in the Southern Hemisphere.
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed.
Cyclone
Season
Peak classification
Peak 10-min sustained winds
Pressure
Oscar
1982–83
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone
185 km/h (115 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Hina
1984–85
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
220 km/h (140 mph)
910 hPa (26.87 inHg)
Fran
1991–92
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Ron
1997–98
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
Susan
1997–98
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
Beni
2002–03
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Dovi
2002–03
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
205 km/h (125 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Erica
2002–03
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Zoe
2002–03
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
240 km/h (150 mph)
890 hPa (26.28 inHg)
Heta
2003–04
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Meena
2004–05
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Olaf
2004–05
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Percy
2004–05
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
900 hPa (26.58 inHg)
Ului
2009–10
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
215 km/h (130 mph)
915 hPa (27.02 inHg)
Pam
2014–15
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
250 km/h (155 mph)
896 hPa (26.46 inHg)
Winston
2015–16
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
280 km/h (175 mph)
884 hPa (26.10 inHg)
Harold
2019–20
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
920 hPa (27.17 inHg)
Yasa
2020–21
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
917 hPa (27.08 inHg)
Kevin
2022–23
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone
230 km/h (145 mph)
913 hPa (26.96 inHg)
South Atlantic Ocean
Hurricane Catarina near peak intensity
Until recently, it was not known that tropical cyclones could exist in the southern Atlantic. However, Hurricane Catarina in 2004, to date the only hurricane in the south Atlantic, brought additional review. A subsequent study found that there was an average of 1–2 subtropical or tropical cyclones per year in the Southern Atlantic in recent decades.[ 30]
No official database of South Atlantic cyclones exists, but a partial list of notable tropical and subtropical systems is listed.
Cyclone
Season
Peak classification
Peak 1-min sustained winds
Pressure
Unnamed
1991
Tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
Unknown (Unknown)
Catarina
2004
Category 2 hurricane
155 km/h (100 mph)
972 hPa (28.70 inHg)
Anita
2010
Tropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
995 hPa (29.38 inHg)
Arani
2011
Subtropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
989 hPa (29.21 inHg)
Bapo
2015
Subtropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
992 hPa (29.29 inHg)
Cari
2015
Subtropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
998 hPa (29.47 inHg)
Deni
2016
Subtropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
998 hPa (29.47 inHg)
Eçaí
2016
Subtropical storm
100 km/h (65 mph)
992 hPa (29.29 inHg)
Guará
2017
Subtropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
996 hPa (29.41 inHg)
Iba
2019
Tropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
1,006 hPa (29.71 inHg)
Jaguar
2019
Subtropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
1,010 hPa (29.83 inHg)
Kurumí
2020
Subtropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
998 hPa (29.47 inHg)
Mani
2020
Subtropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg)
Oquira
2020
Subtropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
998 hPa (29.47 inHg)
01Q
2021
Tropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
990 hPa (29.23 inHg)
Potira
2021
Subtropical storm
75 km/h (45 mph)
1,006 hPa (29.71 inHg)
Raoni
2021
Subtropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
986 hPa (29.12 inHg)
Ubá
2021
Subtropical storm
65 km/h (40 mph)
995 hPa (29.38 inHg)
Yakecan
2022
Subtropical storm
95 km/h (60 mph)
990 hPa (29.23 inHg)
Akará
2024
Tropical storm
85 km/h (50 mph)
994 hPa (29.35 inHg)
See also
Notes
^ Officially listed by the BoM as 914 mbar, pending review.
References
^ Kossin, James (February 2015). "Hurricane Wind–Pressure Relationship and Eyewall Replacement Cycles" . Weather and Forecasting . 30 (1): 177–181. Bibcode :2015WtFor..30..177K . doi :10.1175/WAF-D-14-00121.1 . S2CID 123146418 .
^ Dunnavan, George M; Diercks, John W (November 1, 1980). "An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979)" . Monthly Weather Review . 108 (11): 1915–1923. Bibcode :1980MWRv..108.1915D . doi :10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2 .
^ Sanchez, Ray (October 23, 2015). "Hurricane Patricia weakens, but still 'extremely dangerous' " . CNN . Retrieved October 10, 2018 .
^ http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/rpibook-final04.pdf [bare URL PDF ]
^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center . April 5, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2024 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
^ a b c d "ATCR report plan" . www.usno.navy.mil . Retrieved 2017-10-21 .
^ National Hurricane Center ; Hurricane Research Division ; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023" . United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
^ C. L. Jordan (September 1959). "A Reported Sea Level Pressure of 877 MB" (PDF) . Monthly Weather Review . 87 (9): 365–366. Bibcode :1959MWRv...87..365J . doi :10.1175/1520-0493(1959)087<0365:wnarsl>2.0.co;2 . Retrieved May 9, 2017 .
^ "Western North Pacific Typhoon best track file 1951–2024" . Japan Meteorological Agency . 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-13 .
^ Pant, P S; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jamdunathan, R (1980). "Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1977" (PDF) . Mausam . 31 (3): 337–356. doi :10.54302/mausam.v31i3.3533 . S2CID 246784388 .
^ a b Srinivasan, V; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jamdunathan, R. "Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1978" (PDF) . Mausam . 31 (4): 495–506. doi :10.54302/mausam.v31i4.3444 . S2CID 246781079 .
^ Mukherjee, A K; Ramakrishnan, A R; Jamdunathan, R (1981). "Cyclones and Depressions over the Indian Seas in 1979" (PDF) . Mausam . 32 (2): 115–126. doi :10.54302/mausam.v32i2.3398 . S2CID 246848511 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "IMD Best track data 1982-2022" (xls) . India Meteorological Department. A guide on how to read the database is available here .
^ "Cyclone Damia Best track" . Météo-France. 2001-05-16. Retrieved 2010-01-08 .
^ a b La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1993–1994 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in French). Météo France. pp. 42, 65. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1994–1995 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in French). Météo France. p. 67. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1995–1996 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in French). Météo France. p. 25. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1996–1997 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in French). Météo France. p. 33. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (2001). Cyclone Season 1999–2000 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in French). Météo France. p. 72. ISBN 2-9511665-3-2 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ a b c La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (2004). Cyclone Season 2001–2002 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in French). Météo France. p. 4. ISBN 2-9511665-6-7 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (2006). Cyclone Season 2003–2004 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in French). Météo France. p. 67. ISBN 2-9511665-8-3 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Adeline-Juliet" . Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Intense Tropical Cyclone Bento" . Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (2006). South-West Indian Ocean Cyclone Season 2005–2006 (in French). Météo France. p. 6. ISBN 2-9511665-9-1 . Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Hondo" . Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ La Réunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (August 31, 2010). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Edzani" . Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013 .
^ Kerr, Jack (26 December 2014). "Tropical Cyclone Mahina: Bid to have deadly March 1899 weather event upgraded in record books" . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015 .
^ Masters, Jeffrey. "World Storm Surge Records" . Weather Underground . Retrieved 6 December 2017 .
^ "Australian Tropical Cyclone Database" (CSV) . Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30 . A guide on how to read the database is available here .
^ Evans, Jenny L; Braun, Aviva J (2012). "A Climatology of Subtropical Cyclones in the South Atlantic" . Journal of Climate . 25 (21). American Meteorological Society: 7328–7340. Bibcode :2012JCli...25.7328E . doi :10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00212.1 .
External links
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
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