Electress consort of Bavaria
Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony (Maria Anna Sophia Sabina Angela Franciska Xaveria; 29 August 1728 – 17 February 1797) was a daughter of King Augustus III of Poland and his wife Maria Josepha of Austria who became Electress of Bavaria by marriage to Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria .
Biography
Maria Anna as a child, by Louis de Silvestre . C. 1735.
Maria Anna's parents had sixteen children; her most notable siblings were Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony , Queen Maria Amalia of Spain and Maria Josepha, Dauphine of France , the mother of Kings Louis XVI , Louis XVIII of France , and Charles X of France .
Maria Anna was married to her first cousin, the Bavarian Elector Maximilian III Joseph in 1747.
Having no children of her own, Maria Anna negotiated with King Frederick II of Prussia after her husband's death in 1777 to secure Bavaria's independence against Austria and to support the succession rights of the Wittelsbach branch Palatinate Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld in Bavaria, when the new Elector of Bavaria Charles Theodore attempted to cede Lower Bavaria to Austria. A secret treaty with Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II had been concluded in the end. In exchange for Lower Bavaria, Charles Theodore was to receive the Austrian Netherlands (close to his ancestral domains), the Palatinate (already his patrimony), Jülich and Berg .
However, these plans failed with the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778, in which King Frederick II stifled the Austrian attempts to exchange the Austrian Netherlands for Bavaria. When Emperor Joseph II tried the scheme again in 1784, Frederick II created the Fürstenbund .
After her husband Maximilian III Joseph died, Maria Anna Sophia spent the rest of her life at Fürstenried Palace and enjoyed the gratitude of the Bavarian people and the heirs of the Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld branch: Charles II, Duke of Zweibrücken , and his brother Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria , who finally succeeded Charles Theodore in 1799 as first King of Bavaria.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony[ 1] 16. John George II, Elector of Saxony 8. John George III, Elector of Saxony 17. Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 4. Augustus II of Poland 18. Frederick III of Denmark 9. Anne Sophie of Denmark 19. Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2. Augustus III of Poland 20. Erdmann August of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 10. Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 21. Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach 5. Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 22. Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg 11. Sofie Luise of Württemberg 23. Anna Katharina of Salm-Kyrburg 1. Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony 24. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor 12. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor 25. Maria Anna of Spain 6. Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor 26. Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine 13. Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg 27. Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 3. Maria Josepha of Austria 28. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 14. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 29. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt 7. Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick 30. Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern 15. Benedicta-Henrietta of Simmern 31. Anna Gonzaga
References
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