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Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Murashko (Ukrainian: Олександр Олександрович Мурашко; September 7 [O.S. August 26] 1875 – June14, 1919), also known as Aleksandr Murashko, was a prominent Ukrainianpainter.
Life and career
Murashko was born in Kyiv. His stepfather, Oleksandr Ivanovych Murashko, had an icon-painting workshop and worked on the interior of St Volodymyr's Cathedral.[1][2]
In 1894, with recommendations from several prominent artists, he entered the Imperial Academy of Arts in St Petersburg. In 1896, he became a student of Ilya Repin;[1] he is one of those depicted in Yelena Makovskaya-Luksch's group portrait, Repin's Students.[3] In 1901, he travelled abroad, visiting Germany, where he studied with Anton Ažbe in Munich,[3] Italy, and France, where he was greatly influenced.[1]
Murashko became a successful artist; he has been called "the most important Ukrainian artist of the turn of the century".[4] His painting Carousel won the gold medal at the Munich Exposition in 1909, and he exhibited in Venice, Rome, Amsterdam, Berlin, Cologne, and Düsseldorf.[1]
He was a patriotic Ukrainian, one of the adherents of the "Young Muse" movement which was started in 1906 by Modernists who drew on developments elsewhere in Europe to make Ukrainian art more progressive.[9] He founded the Association of Kyiv Artists in 1916[10] and the following year co-founded the Ukrainian State Academy of Arts.[1]
In 1909, Murashko married Marguerite Kruger, a notary's daughter.[1] In 1910, after his father's death, he bought a small house in the Kyiv suburb of Lukyanivka. He was taken away from the house, apparently by a street gang, and shot from behind on June 14, 1919. His funeral was well attended and he was buried in Lukyanivsky Cemetery.[1]
Works
Originally a realist in the style of the Peredvizhniki,[8] Murashko later painted in a "refined", Impressionist style influenced by his time in Munich and Paris.[11][12][13] His Modernism in turn influenced later Ukrainian artists in the Socialist Realist period.[14] His works are less often narrative and unusually expressive for Ukrainian paintings of the time.[4]
^Oksana Onoprii︠e︡nko, "Oleksandr Murashko (1875–1919), Painter, educator, public figure", in Vydatni dii︠a︡chi Ukraïny mynulykh stolitʹ: memorialʹnyĭ alʹmanakh / Outstanding Ukrainian Personalities of the Past: Memorial Anthology, Zoloti imena Ukraïny, Kyiv: I︠E︡vroimidz︠h︡, [2001], ISBN9789667867058, p. 379.
^ abAnna Novakov, Play of Lines: Anton Ažbe's Art Academy and the Education of East European Female Painters, San Francisco: Fibonacci Academic Press (Lulu.com), 2011, ISBN9781257373321, p. 50.
^ abSemion Gurok and Boris Lobanovsky, tr. Anne Staros, Kyiv, Architectural Landmarks and Art Museums: An Illustrated Guide, Leningrad: Aurora, 1987, OCLC17202963, p. 75.
^Igor Aronov, Jewish Art 21/22: Eastern Europe 1 (1995/1996) p. 130.
^Myroslav Shkandrij, "National modernism in post-revolutionary society: the Ukrainian renaissance and Jewish revival, 1917–1930", in Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands, ed. Omer Bartov and Eric D. Weitz, Bloomington: Indiana University, 2013, ISBN pp. 445–46.
^ abGerry Souter, Malevich: Journey to Infinity, Temporis Collection, New York: Parkstone, 2008, ISBN9781780429267, p. 47.
^Andrew Wilson, The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation, New Haven: Yale University, 2000, repr. 2002, ISBN9780300093094, p. 135.
^Bert Cardullo, Theories of the Avant-Garde Theatre: A Casebook from Kleist to Camus, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 2013, ISBN9780810887046, p. xxxviii.
^Shevchenko Scientific Society, Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia, ed. Volodymyr Kubijovyc, Volume 2, Toronto: Ukrainian National Association, University of Toronto Press, 1971, ISBN9781442673199, p. 564.
^Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio and Myroslav Yurkevich, Historical Dictionary of Ukraine, Historical Dictionaries of Europe 45, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 2013, ISBN9780810853874, pp. 376, 430.
^Philip L Wagner and Zarko Bilbija, University of Chicago Division of the Social Sciences, Aspects of Contemporary Ukraine, Subcontractor's monograph, HRAF-20, New Haven, Connecticut: Human Relations Area Files, [1955], OCLC4299203, p. 314.
^Serhy Yekelchyk, Stalin's Empire of Memory: Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Soviet Historical Imagination, Toronto: University of Toronto, 2004, ISBN9781442680166 , p. 145.
Further reading
«Эти десять лет большого, глубокого счастья...» : Спогади Маргарити Мурашко / Авт. ст. та ком. Дар’я Добріян; укл. Віталій Ткачук. — К. : ArtHuss, 2016. — 168 с. : іл.
A. Shpakov. Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Murashko: narys pro zhytti︠a︡ i tvorchistʹ. Kyiv: Derz︠h︡. vyd-vo obrazotvorchoho mystet︠s︡tva i muz. lit-ry URSR, 1959. OCLC220406952(in Ukrainian)
