Oxbow is in northern Jefferson County, in the northern part of the town of Antwerp. It sits at the south end of a sharp bend in the Oswegatchie River at an altitude of 351 feet (107 m). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.20 square miles (0.52 km2), all land.[2]
Oxbow is 29 miles (47 km) northeast of Watertown, the Jefferson county seat, and 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Gouverneur.