The assurances were originally proposed by the then Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) government of the Republic of China on Taiwan during negotiations between the U.S. and the People's Republic of China.[citation needed] The U.S. Reagan administration agreed to the assurances and informed the United States Congress of them in July 1982.
Today, the Six Assurances are part of semiformal guidelines used in conducting relations between the US and Taiwan. The assurances have been generally reaffirmed by successive U.S. administrations. Prior to 2016, they were purely informal, but in 2016, their formal content was adopted by the US House of Representatives and the Senate in non-binding resolutions, upgrading their status to formal but not directly enforceable.
A similar resolution passed the Senate on July 6, 2016.[2]
In the first version, which was introduced to Congress by Rep. Steve Chabot on October 28, 2015, the Six Assurances were proposed to be:[3]
The United States would not set a date for termination of arms sales to Taiwan;
The United States would not alter the terms of the Taiwan Relations Act;
The United States would not consult with China in advance before making decisions about United States arms sales to Taiwan;
The United States would not mediate between Taiwan and China;
The United States would not alter its position about the sovereignty of Taiwan which was, that the question was one to be decided peacefully by the Chinese themselves, and would not pressure Taiwan to enter into negotiations with China; and
The United States would not formally recognize Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan.
Declassified cables, sent in 1982 from the State Department, detail the Six Assurances:[4]
The United States has not agreed to set a date for ending arms sales to Taiwan.
The United States has not agreed to consult with the PRC on arms sales to Taiwan.
The United States will not play a mediation role between Taipei and Beijing.
The United States has not agreed to revise the Taiwan Relations Act.
The United States has not altered its position regarding sovereignty over Taiwan.
The United States will not exert pressure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with the PRC.[5]
The Republican Party Platform of the 2016 Republican National Convention mentions the Six Assurances, stating, "We salute the people of Taiwan, with whom we share the values of democracy, human rights, a free market economy, and the rule of law. Our relations will continue to be based upon the provisions of the Taiwan Relations Act, and we affirm the Six Assurances given to Taiwan in 1982 by President Reagan. We oppose any unilateral steps by either side to alter the status quo in the Taiwan Straits on the principle that all issues regarding the island’s future must be resolved peacefully, through dialogue, and be agreeable to the people of Taiwan. If China were to violate those principles, the United States, in accord with the Taiwan Relations Act, will help Taiwan defend itself. We praise efforts by the new government in Taipei to continue constructive relations across the Taiwan Strait and call on China to reciprocate. As a loyal friend of America, Taiwan has merited our strong support, including free trade agreement status, the timely sale of defensive arms including technology to build diesel submarines, and full participation in the World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, and other multilateral institutions."[10]
The Asia Reassurance Initiative Act (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States)115–409 (text)(PDF)) states that it is the policy of the U.S. to enforce commitments to Taiwan consistent with the Six Assurances.[11] As of September 2018, the Donald Trump administration "has stated that the U.S.-Taiwan relationship is also 'guided' by [the] 'Six Assurances'".[12]
In November 2020 U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo stated “Taiwan has not been a part of China, and that was recognized with the work that the Reagan administration did to lay out the policies that the United States has adhered to now for three and a half decades, and done so under both administrations.” which was seen as invoking clause 5.[13]
On August 2, 2022, Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi, in a statement from a visit to Taiwan, made reference to the United States' continuing support of the TRA, Three Communiqués, and the Six Assurances.[15]