The school opened in 1952 to 263 students and 13 teachers under the leadership of its first principal, W.W. Powell.
South Carleton's 60th anniversary was celebrated in 2012.
South Carleton has a wide range of athletic activities.
The Alpine ski team has won 8 OFSAA titles to date and 30 OFSAA team medals overall, including the boys' team with 2 (GS, Sl) in 2002 as well as 2008(Sl), 2009(Sl) and 2015 (GS) and their first girls' team title in 2012 (Sl) with followups in 2014 (Sl) and 2015 (Sl). It has sent a total of 26 teams to OFSAA who once there have collected a grand total of 30 team and 16 individual medals since 1999. The level 1 boys team won 9 consecutive NCSSAA titles from 2011-2019 with the boys and girls together winning the Art Lovett level 1 combined trophy 11 straight times. 2024 saw the boys team return to OFSAA winning silver medals in the slalom event.
Its wrestling program has won the NCSSAA championship for the past several years and produces nearly a dozen OFSAA wrestlers each year. This has led to the coining of the term "wrestle with the best".
The Senior Men's Rugby team was undefeated in regular season in 2007 and 2008, including a 2008 NCSSAA championship win.
South Carleton's varsity swim team was formed during the 2010–11 season, and won two NCSSAA medals, both of which were gold, sending one swimmer to OFSAA. In the 2011–12 season once again one swimmer qualified for OFSAA, winning a bronze medal for SC.
The Storm basketball team has won several city titles in its history, including the most recent visit to the NCSSAA championship in the 2008–09 season.
The South Carleton Junior Boys' soccer team captured the 2008 NCSSAA Gold Medal after an undefeated season.
The Senior Boys' Soccer team won the 2016 NCSSAA final and qualified for OFSAA.
South Carleton's football team had reached the NCSSAA finals in 2006 and 2008, losing both times, and lost in the NCSSAA semi-finals in 2007.
The South Carleton Mock trial team won the OBA OJEN city-wide tournament in 2023.
The baseball team captured their 3rd NCSSAA tier 2 title in 4 years in 2012 and have won 5 titles overall (including a Tier 1 title in 2004) since 2003. 2023 saw the team's most recent title, claiming the tier 1 championship with a hard fought, 5-2 victory over St.FX
Arts
South Carleton High School is home to one of the largest arts programs in the OCDSB. All attending students have the opportunity to enroll in Visual Arts, Music, Dance, Drama, and Media Studies.
Dance Shows
The annual dance show is the institution's largest arts display, typically attracting a cumulative 500-600+ audience.
The Fall 2016 Dance Performance was dedicated in honour of Prince under the name of "Tribute to Broadway," and the Spring 2017 Show paid tribute to the 150th anniversary of Canadian Confederation. The Fall 2017 Show honoured Pink, and the Spring 2018 Show paid homage to the town of Richmond's 200th anniversary of foundation.
Bob Erwin Football Field
On October 6, 2005, during half-time at the Senior Football game, the South Carleton Football Field was dedicated to Bob Erwin, teacher and coach at South Carleton for 33 years.