^ abWulp, F.M. van der (1900). "Fam. Muscidae". Biol. Centr.-Am. Ins.: Dipt. 2: 417–428.
^Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M; Freidberg, A. (1999). "Systematic Database of Names. Pp. 65-252. In Thompson, F. C. (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database". Myia. 9: vii + 524.