Akwụkwọ Ozi nke Abụọ e degaara Timoti bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ ozi atọ a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Pọl onyeozi dere ya.[a] E degaara Timoti, onye ozi ala ọzọ ibe ya, ^[1] a na-ewere ya dị ka akwụkwọ ozi ikpeazụ Pọl dere tupu ọnwụ ya. Asụsụ mbụ bụ Koine Grik.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwu na ọ bụ Pọl dere akwụkwọ ozi ndị ahụ, ha dị iche na akwụkwọ ozi ya ndị ọzọ. Kemgbe mmalite n' afọ nke 19, ndị ọkà mmụta na-ele ha anya dị ka ọrụ nke onye na-amaghị ama na-eso nkuzi Pọl. ^[2] Echiche a sitere n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị Pastorals anaghị elekwasị anya na isiokwu ndị Pọl, dị ka ịdị n'otu nke ndị kwere ekwe na Kraịst, ma ha na-egosi usoro ndị isi ụka nke a haziri ma kọwaa karịa ihe dị n'oge ndụ Pọl. ^[3]

Ka o sina dị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta ka na-agbachitere onye edemede ọdịnala nke 2 Timoti.^[2][4]

  Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta nkatọ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-arụ ụka na 2 Timoti, nakwa abụọ ndị ọzọ a na-akpọ "akwụkwọ ozi ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ" (1 Timoti na Taịtọs), abụghị Pọl dere kama ọ bụ onye edemede na-amaghị aha, n'ihe dị ka n'agbata 90 na 140 AD.[1][2][3] Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ezo aka n'onye a na-eche na ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ aha ya bụ "pastọ".

Asụsụ na echiche nke 2 Timoti dị nnọọ iche na akwụkwọ ozi abụọ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọzụzụ atụrụ ma ha yiri Akwụkwọ ozi Pauline, karịsịa ndị o dere mgbe ọ nọ n'agbụ. Nke a emeela ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwubie na onye dere 2 Timoti bụ onye dị iche na nke 1 Timoti na Taịtọs. Raymond E. Brown tụrụ aro na ọ bụ onye na-eso ụzọ Pọl nke maara banyere ụbọchị ikpeazụ Pọl dere akwụkwọ ozi a.

Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta, ma ndị na-arụ ụka maka ma na-emegide izi ezi ya, nwere echiche na 2 Timoti bụ nke ụdị pseudepigraphic a maara dị ka Ụdị testamentary ma ọ bụ Okwu ekele, ụdị 'testament' nwere isi ihe abụọ: ịdọ aka ná ntị omume a ga-eso mgbe ọnwụ nke onye edemede na mkpughe nke ọdịnihu. Eziokwu dị ịrịba ama banyere ụdị 'nkwupụta' abụghị na akara ya kama na ọdịdị ya; a na-ekwu na akwụkwọ 'nkwụsị' bụ "ịghọ akụkọ ifo doro anya".

Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, Otú ọ dị, kwuru na ọ bụ Paul dere 2 Timothy nakwa na onye ọzọ dere akwụkwọ ozi abụọ ndị ọzọ na-eji ya eme ihe nlereanya.

Ihe odide mbụ nke akwụkwọ a furu efu, dị ka ihe dị ka narị afọ abụọ nke mbipụta mbụ. Ihe odide nke ihe odide ndị dị ugbu a dịgasị iche. Ihe odide ndị kasị ochie nwere ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ihe odide niile nke akwụkwọ a gụnyere:

• Codex Sinaiticus (A.D. 330-360)
• Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
• Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (ihe dị ka 450)
• Codex Freerianus (ihe dị ka 450)
• Codex Claromontanus (ihe dị ka 550)
• Codex Coislinianus (ihe dị ka 550)

Dị ka akwụkwọ ozi ahụ si kwuo, Pọl gbara Timoti ume ka ọ ghara inwe "mmụọ ihere" ma ọ bụghị "inwe ihere ịgba akaebe banyere Onyenwe anyị" (1:7-8). Ọ rịọkwara Timoti ka ọ bịakwute ya tupu oge oyi, ma kpọta Mak (cf. Ndị Filipaị 2:22). Ọ na-atụ anya na "oge ọpụpụ ya dị nso" (4:6), ọ na-agba "nwa ya Timoti" ume ka ọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na nkwụsi ike n'ihu ozizi ụgha, na ndụmọdụ banyere ịlụso ha ọgụ na-ezo aka na nkuzi nke oge gara aga, na ndidi n'okpuru mkpagbu (1:6-15), na ịrụ ọrụ niile nke ọfịs ya (4:1-5), na nsọpụrụ niile nke onye na-achọ ịpụta n'ihu Onyeikpe nke ngwa na ndị nwụrụ anwụ.

Akwụkwọ ozi a nwere otu n'ime ukwe Christological nke Pọl na 2:11-13:  Ọ bụ okwu kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi: N'ihi na ọ buru na ayi na Ya nwua, ayi na Ya gādi kwa ndu:

Ọ buru na ayi ahuhu, ayi gēso kwa ya buru eze:

ọ buru na ayi agọnari Ya, Ya onwe-ya gāju kwa ayi:

Ọ buru na ayi ekweghi, ma Ọ nāguzosi ike: Ọ pughi igọnari Onwe-ya.

—King James Version

ma ọ bụ

Okwu a kwesiri ntụkwasị obi, maka: Ọ bụrụ na anyị na ya anwụọla, anyị na ya ga-adịkwa ndụ; ọbụrụ na anyị atachie obi, anyị ga-esokwa ya chịa; ọ bụrụ na anyị agọnarị ya, ya onwe ya ga-agọnarịkwa anyị;ọbụrụ na anyị enweghị okwukwe, ọ na-anọgide na-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi—n'ihi na ọ pụghị ịgọnarị onwe ya. — English Standard Version

E gosipụtara Pọl n'akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, nke nyere ike ịbụ na e dere ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, dị ka onye na-atụ anya ka e gbuo ya na ihe ndị dị adị karịa ya na nkwupụta ya dị na 2 Timoti 4:6-8: "N'ihi na ugbu a adịla m njikere inye ya, oge ọpụpụ m dịkwa nso. Aghaala m ezigbo ọgụ, agwụla m ụzọ m, enwere m okwukwe: Site ugbu a ka a gaa n'ihu, e debere m okpueze ezi omume, nke Onyenwe anyị, onye ikpe ziri ezi, ga-enye m n'ụbọchị ahụ: ọ bụghị naanị m, ọ ga-apụta m. "

Akụkụ nke 2 Timoti kwekọrọ na Epistle to the Philippians, nke e kwenyere na edere ya (site n'enyemaka Timoti) n'oge ọnwụ Pọl.

Dabere n'echiche ọdịnala na 2 Timoti bụ akwụkwọ ozi ikpeazụ nke Pọl, isi nke 4 na-ekwu (v. 10) banyere otu Demas, onye a na-ewere dị ka "onye ọrụ ibe", si hapụ ya maka Tesalonaịka, "n'ihi na ọ hụrụ ụwa a n'anya". N'ụzọ dị iche na esemokwu ya na Barnabas banyere Mak (Ọrụ 15:37-40), nke mere ka ụzọ abụọ ahụ kewaa, Pọl weere Mak ugbu a dị ka onye "na-aba uru maka ozi" (v. 11). Isi nke 4 na-egosikwa naanị aha Akwụkwọ Nsọ banyere Linus (ihe dị ka 21), onye edepụtara na ọdịnala Katọlik dị ka onye nọchiri Pita dị ka Bishọp nke Rom.^[5]

N'akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, Pọl gwara Timoti ka o wetara ya uwe elu na akwụkwọ ya oge ọzọ ọ hụrụ ya. ^[6]

2 Timoti 2:14-16 nwere ọtụtụ iwu e zigara onye ọrụ ibe Pọl (na onye nke abụọ) banyere otu mmadụ ga-esi kụzie ma ọ bụ soro ndị nọ na esemokwu metụtara ịjụ okwukwe.^[7] Ndị Gnostic na ndị na-emegide Gnostic weere ozizi Pọl dị ka ihe nwere ikike na narị afọ nke abụọ, mana akwụkwọ ozi a pụtara ìhè ma ghọọ ihe ndabere maka ọnọdụ ndị na-egbochi Gnostic.^[8]

• Mmiri sitere na Bible
• Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara Taịtọs
• Akwụkwọ ozi Mbụ o degaara Timoti
• Ntị na-ata
• Ihe odide dị iche iche n'Akwụkwọ Ozi nke Abụọ e degaara Timoti

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• Nsụgharị Bekee na Vulgate Latin
• Bible Online na GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
• Ọtụtụ nsụgharị Bible na Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV wdg)
• EarlyChristianWritings.com mkparịta ụka banyere 2 Timoti
• EarlyChristianWritings.com mkparịta ụka ọzọ banyere Pastors (na 1 Timothy page)
• Bible: 2 Akwụkwọ a na-ege ntị nke ọha na eze na

Templeeti:Second Epistle to Timothy

1. ↑ May, Herbert G.; Metzger, Bruce M. (1977), The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, pp. 1440, 1446–49.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Johnson (2001). The First and Second Letters to Timothy. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-13988-8. 
3. ↑ Harris, Stephen L. (1985), "The Pastoral Epistles", Understanding the Bible, Palo Alto: Mayfield, pp. 340–45
4. ↑ Wright (2018-02-27). Paul: A Biography (in en). HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219827-3. 
5. ↑ Kirsch (1910). "Pope St. Linus", Catholic Encyclopedia. New York, New York, USA: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved on 30 June 2024. 
6. ↑ 2 Timothy 4:13 When you come, bring the cloak that I left with Carpus at Troas, and my scrolls, especially the parchments.. biblehub.com. Retrieved on 2022-07-22.
7. ↑ Towner (2006). in Bruce: The Letters to Timothy and Titus, The New International Commentary on the New Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802825131. 
8. ↑ Drury (2007). "73. The Pastoral Epistles", in Barton: The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved on February 6, 2019.