Acetal

Generički acetal

Acetal je molekul sa dva atoma kiseonika vezana jednostrukim vezama za isti atom ugljenika.

U tradicionalnoj upotrebi se razlikuju ketali od acetala (dok ketal ima dve R grupe vezane preko ugljenika i formalno je izveden iz ketona, acetal ima jednu ili obe R grupe kao vodonik i formalno je izveden iz aldehida). IUPAC terminologija klasifikuje ketale kao podskup acetala.[1]

Do formiranja acetala dolazi kad hidroksilna grupa hemiacetal postane protonisana i odvoji se kao voda. Nastali karbokatjon zatim brzo napada molekul alkohola. Gubitkom protona vezanog alkohola formira se acetal.

Konverzija aldehida do acetala
Konverzija ketona do ketala

Primeri

Reference

  1. ^ IUPAC. „ketals”. Kompendijum hemijske terminologije (Internet izdanje).

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