Alu element

Kariotip iz ženskog ljudskog limfocita (46, XX). Hromozomi su hibridizovani sa testom za Alu elemente (zeleno) i kontrastno obojeni sa TOPRO-3 (crveno). Alu elementi se koriste kao markeri za hromozome i hromozomske segmente bogate genima.

Alu element je kratak segment DNK originalno karakterisan dejstvom Alu restrikcione endonukleaze[1]. Alu elementi različitih tipova se javljaju u velikim brojevima u genomu primata. Zapravo, Alu elementi skoro da su najzastupljeniji transpozabilni elementi u ljudskom genomu. Oni su izvedeni iz male citoplazmatične 7SL RNK, komponente partikula signalnog prepoznavanja. Procenjuje se da je kopija 7SL RNK postala prekurzor Alu elemenata u genomu predaka supraprimata.[2]

Alu umetanja su implicirana u nekoliko naslednih ljudskih bolesti i raznih formi kancera.

Istraživanja Alu elemenata su isto tako važna u objašnjavanju ljudske populacione genetike i evolucije primata, uključujući evoluciju čoveka.

Reference

  1. ^ Schmid CW, Deininger PL (1975). „Sequence organization of the human genome”. Cell. 6: 345—358. PMID 1052772. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(75)90184-1. 
  2. ^ Kriegs JO, Churakov G, Jurka J, Brosius J, Schmitz J (2007). „Evolutionary history of 7SL RNA-derived SINEs in Supraprimates” (PDF). Trends Genet.. 23 (4): 158—61. PMID 17307271. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2007.02.002. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 03. 08. 2007. г. Приступљено 19. 05. 2012. 

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