Azid

Azidni anijon
Azidna funkcionalna grupa

Azid je anjon sa formulom N3. On je konjugovana baza hidrazonske kiseline. N3 je linearni anjon koji je izoelektronski sa CO2 i N2O. Po teoriji valentne veze, azid se može opisati sa nekoliko rezonantnih struktura, među kojima je važna N=N+=N. Azid je isto tako funkcionalna grupa u organskoj hemiji, RN3.[1] Dominantna oblast primene azida su propelanti u vazdušnim jastucima.

Primene

Oko 250 tona jedinjenja koja sadrže azide se proizvede godišnje. Glavni proizvod su azidi.[2]

Detonatori i propelanti

Natrijum azid je propelant u automobilskim vazdušnim jastucima. On se razlaže pri zagrevanju proizvodeći gas azot, što se koristi za brzu ekspanziju vazdušnih jastuka:[2]

2 NaN3 → 2 Na + 3 N2

Soli teških metala, kao što je olovo azid, Pb(N3)2, detonatori su senzitivni na šok, koji se razlažu do olova i azota:[3]

Pb(N3)2 → Pb + 3 N2

Soli srebra i barijuma se koriste na sličan način. Neki organski azidi su potencijalni raketni propelanti, npr. 2-dimetilaminoetilazid.

Reference

  1. ^ S. Bräse, C. Gil, K. Knepper and V. Zimmermann (2005). „Organic Azides: An Exploding Diversity of a Unique Class of Compounds”. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (33): 5188—5240. PMID 16100733. doi:10.1002/anie.200400657. 
  2. ^ а б Jobelius, Horst H.; Scharff, Hans-Dieter (2000). „Hydrazoic Acid and Azides”. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. ISBN 3-527-30673-0. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_193. 
  3. ^ Shriver and Atkins. Inorganic Chemistry (Fifth Edition). W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, pp. 382.

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