Metatheria

Metatheria
Vremenski raspon: Rana kreda – sadašnjost[1][2][3]
Lycopsis longirostris
Naučna klasifikacija e
Carstvo: Animalia
Tip: Chordata
Klasa: Mammalia
Potklasa: Theria
Kladus: Metatheria
Huxley, 1880[4]
Podgrupe
Sinonimi
  • Pan-Marsupialia (Averianov, 2014)[5]

Metatheria je sisarska klada koja obuhvata sve sisare koji su bliže srodni torbarima nego placentalima. Prvi ju je predložio Tomas Henri Haksli 1880. godine. To je inkluzivnija grupa od torbara. Ona sadrži sve tobolčare kao i mnoge izumrle netorbarske srodnike.

Postoje tri postojeće podklase sisara, od kojih je jedna metaterijani:

Metaterijani pripadaju podgrupi severne tribosfenske klade sisara ili Boreosphenida. Razlikuju se od svih ostalih sisara po određenim morfologijama kao što je njihova zubna formula, koja uključuje oko pet gornjih i četiri donja sekutića, očnjak, tri pretkutnjaka i četiri kutnjaka.[8] Ostale karakteristike uključuju skelet i prednju denticiju, kao što su apomorfije zgloba i skočnog zgloba; svi metaterijanci dele izvedena svojstva pedala i kalkanealne karakteristike. Najraniji poznati članovi grupe su iz druge polovine rane krede u Severnoj Americi. Ostaci metaterijanaca pronađeni su na svim kontinentima.

Klasifikacija

Ispod je metaterijski kladogram iz rada Vilsona et al. (2016):[9]

Metatheria

Ispod je lista metaterijana koji ne spadaju u dobro definisane grupe

Basal Metatheria

Ameridelphia incertae sedis:

Marsupialia incertae sedis:

Reference

  1. ^ O'Leary, Maureen A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Flynn, John J.; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Giallombardo, Andres; Giannini, Norberto P.; Goldberg, Suzann L.; Kraatz, Brian P.; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Jin; Ni, Michael J.; Novacek, Fernando A.; Perini, Zachary S.; Randall, Guillermo; Rougier, Eric J.; Sargis, Mary T.; Silcox, Nancy b.; Simmons, Micelle; Spaulding, Paul M.; Velazco, Marcelo; Weksler, John R.; Wible, Andrea L.; Cirranello, A. L. (8. 2. 2013). „The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals”. Science. 339 (6120): 662—667. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..662O. PMID 23393258. S2CID 206544776. doi:10.1126/science.1229237. hdl:11336/7302Слободан приступ. 
  2. ^ C.V. Bennett; P. Francisco; F. J. Goin; A. Goswami (2018). „Deep time diversity of metatherian mammals: implications for evolutionary history and fossil-record quality”. Paleobiology. 44 (2): 171—198. doi:10.1017/pab.2017.34Слободан приступ. 
  3. ^ S. Bi; X. Zheng; X. Wang; N.E. Cignetti; S. Yang; J.R. Wible (2018). „An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomy”. Nature. 558 (7710): 390—395. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..390B. PMID 29899454. S2CID 49183466. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3. 
  4. ^ T. H. Huxley (1880.) "On the application of the laws of evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia." Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 43:649-662
  5. ^ Averianov, A. O. & Lopatin, A. V. (2014) "High-level systematics of placental mammals: Current status of the problem." Biology Bulletin, 41(9), 801–816.
  6. ^ Nilsson, Maria A. (2010). „Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions”. PLOS Biology. 8 (7): e1000436. PMC 2910653Слободан приступ. PMID 20668664. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436Слободан приступ. 
  7. ^ Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (editors) (2005). Microtus (Mynomes) townsendii. Wilson and Reeder's Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Print) (Third изд.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press/Bucknell University. стр. 2,142. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Приступљено 21. 10. 2014. 
  8. ^ Szalay, Frederick S. (2006-05-11). Evolutionary History of the Marsupials and an Analysis of Osteological .... Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-02592-8. 
  9. ^ Wilson, G.P.; Ekdale, E.G.; Hoganson, J.W.; Calede, J.J.; Linden, A.V. (2016). „A large carnivorous mammal from the Late Cretaceous and the North American origin of marsupials”. Nature Communications. 7: 13734. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713734W. PMC 5155139Слободан приступ. PMID 27929063. doi:10.1038/ncomms13734. 

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