Magnesyo

Magnesium, 12Mg
Magnesium
Bigkas /mæɡˈniːziəm/ ​(mag-NEE-zee-əm)
Appearanceshiny grey solid
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Mg)
  • [24.304, 24.307]
  • 24.305±0.002 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Magnesium sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Be
↑
Mg
↓
Ca
sodium ← magnesium → aluminium
Atomikong bilang (Z)12
Group2
Period3
Block  s-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting point923 K ​(650 °C, ​1202 °F)
Boiling point1363 K ​(1091 °C, ​1994 °F)
Density (at 20° C)1.737 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)1.584 g/cm3
Heat of fusion8.48 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization128 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.869[4] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 701 773 861 971 1132 1361
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[5] +1,[6] +2 (isang matapang na panimulang oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.31
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 737.7 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1450.7 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 7732.7 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius141±7 pm
Van der Waals radius173 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng magnesium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordiyal
Crystal structure ​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for magnesium
a = 320.91 pm
c = 521.03 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion25.91×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3][a]
Thermal conductivity156[7] W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity43.9[8] nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility+13.1×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[9]
Young's modulus45 GPa
Shear modulus17 GPa
Bulk modulus35.4[10] GPa
Speed of sound thin rod4940 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Poisson ratio0.290
Mohs hardness1–2.5
Brinell hardness44–260 MPa
CAS Number7439-95-4
History
Namingafter Magnesia, Greece[11]
DiscoveryJoseph Black (1755[11])
First isolationHumphry Davy (1808[11])
Isotopes of magnesium
Main isotopes[12] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
24Mg 79% stable
25Mg 10% stable
26Mg 11% stable
Kategorya: Magnesium
| references

Ang magnesyo (Ingles: magnesium) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Mg at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 12.

May atomikong timbang na 24.312, punto ng pagkatunaw na 651 °C, punto ng pagkulong 1,107 °C, espesipikong grabidad na 1.74, at V na 2) ay isang elementong metalikong may katangian ng pagiging magaan, parang pilak, at medyo may katigasan lamang. Kapag nasa anyong pulbos o kaya laso o ribon, nagsasanhi ito ng maputi at maliwanag na liwanag kung nasusunog o kapag sumasabog. Nagagamit ito sa paggawa ng mga pailaw (mga pirotekniko o luses, aloy, pasiklab o flash sa Ingles ng kamera, at mga bomba. Natuklasan ito ni Humphry Davy noong 1808.[13]

Mga pananda

  1. ↑ The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are αa = 25.31×10−6/K, αc = 27.03×10−6/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = 25.91×10−6/K.[3]

Mga sanggunian

  1. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Magnesium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2011.
  2. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
  4. ↑ Rumble, p. 4.61
  5. ↑ Mg(0) has been synthesized in a compound containing a Na2Mg22+ cluster coordinated to a bulky organic ligand; see Rösch, B.; Gentner, T. X.; Eyselein, J.; Langer, J.; Elsen, H.; Li, W.; Harder, S. (2021). "Strongly reducing magnesium(0) complexes". Nature (sa wikang Ingles). 592 (7856): 717–721. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..717R. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03401-w. PMID 33911274. S2CID 233447380
  6. ↑ Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H. & Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B. doi:10.1086/163620.. See also Low valent magnesium compounds.
  7. ↑ Rumble, p. 12.137
  8. ↑ Rumble, p. 12.28
  9. ↑ Rumble, p. 4.70
  10. ↑ Gschneider, K. A. (1964). Physical Properties and Interrelationships of Metallic and Semimetallic Elements. Solid State Physics. Bol. 16. p. 308. doi:10.1016/S0081-1947(08)60518-4. ISBN 9780126077162. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility ()
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Rumble, p. 4.19
  12. ↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  13. ↑ Gaboy, Luciano L. Magnesium, magnesyum, magnesyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

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