U-Boot
U-Boot (in inglezo e in altre łéngue U-boat) el ze el tèrmeno todesco dato zeneregamente ai somerzìbiłi, e el ze el scursamento de Unterseeboot, leteralmente "bateło sotomarin"[1]. El tèrmeno el ze doparà inte łe altre łéngue par dirghe ai batełi sotomarini doparai inte el ndar de ła prima e ła seconda guera mondiałe da ła marina miłitare todesca (Kaiserliche Marine e Kriegsmarine).
Istòrego
I fini de łe canpagne dei U-Boot in tuti e do i grandi confliti i zera stai i convoji che i portava fornimenti dai Stati Unii e dal Cànada inte ła Eoropa.
El tèrmeno U-Boot, seguio da un nùmaro, par ezénpio U-Boot 47 el raprezenta un spesìfego vaseło, mentre U-Boot Tipo II na determenada clase. I ùgnołi U-Boot che i połe vegner considerai veri e propi sotomarini, e no somerzìbiłi, i ze cuełi che i partégne al Tipo XXI e al Tipo XXIII.
I sotomarini de ła Deutsche Marine del dopoguera i ze U-Boot e i va vanti vere ła denomenasion dei U-Boot, par ezénpio U-Boot-Klase 212 A. 16 somerzìbiłi, caturai inte el ndar de ła seconda guera mondiałe, i zera stai dopo in servìsio inte ła Kriegsmarine cofà U-Boot. Vari U-Boot todeschi i zera stai in servìsio, inte i primi ani seventi ła seconda guera mondiałe, in vàrie marine a tìtuło de reparasion de guera.
Inte ła prima guera mondiałe
|
|
Inte ła seconda guera mondiałe
| Clase | Tipo | Ano | Nùmaro |
|---|---|---|---|
| U-Boot Tipo I | U-Boot Tipo IA | 1934 | 2 |
| U-Boot Tipo II | U-Boot Tipo IIA | 1935 | 6 |
| U-Boot Tipo IIB | 1934 | 20 | |
| U-Boot Tipo IIC | 1937 | 8 | |
| U-Boot Tipo IID | 1939 | 16 | |
| U-Boot Tipo V | U-Boot Tipo V | 1940 | 1 |
| U-Boot Tipo VII | U-Boot Tipo VIIA | 1935 | 10 |
| U-Boot Tipo VIIB | 1936 | 24 | |
| U-Boot Tipo VIIC | 1938 | 568 | |
| U-Boot Tipo VIIC/41 | 1941 | 91 | |
| U-Boot Tipo VIIC/42 | 1942 | 0 | |
| U-Boot Tipo VIID | 1940 | 6 | |
| U-Boot Tipo VIIF | 1941 | 4 | |
| U-Boot Tipo IX | U-Boot Tipo IX | 1936 | 8 |
| U-Boot Tipo IXB | 1937 | 14 | |
| U-Boot Tipo IXC | 1939 | 54 | |
| U-Boot Tipo IXC/40 | 1940 | 87 | |
| U-Boot Tipo IXD1 | 1940 | 2[2] | |
| U-Boot Tipo IXD2 | 1940 | 28 | |
| U-Boot Tipo IXD/42 | 1942 | 2[3] (+ 4 descansełai) | |
| U-Boot Tipo X | U-Boot Tipo XB | 1939 | 8 |
| U-Boot Tipo XI | U-Boot Tipo XI | 1937 | 0 |
| U-Boot Tipo XIV | U-Boot Tipo XIV | 1940 | 10 |
| U-Boot Tipo XVII | U-Boot Tipo XVIIA | 1942 | 4 |
| U-Boot Tipo XVIIB | 1943 | 3 | |
| U-Boot Tipo XVIII | U-Boot Tipo XVIII | 1943 | 0 |
| U-Boot Tipo XXI | U-Boot Tipo XXI | 1943 | 118 |
| U-Boot Tipo XXIII | U-Boot Tipo XXIII | 1943 | 61 |
- Somerzibili de ła Kriegsmarine caturai dai japonezi dopo de ła rendesta todesca e entrai in servìsio inte ła Marina inperiałe japoneze:
- U-Boot Tipo IX (2) ex U-511 ed ex U-862
- U-Boot Tipo X (1) ex U-219
Bibliografia
- 1930, Adolphe Laurens, Histoire de la guerre sous-marine allemande 1914-1918
- 1965, Frank Wolfgang, U-boote contre les marines alliées, J'ai lu (N° A92/93 et A94/95), 1965.
- 1970, Jean Noli, Les Loups de l'Amiral, Fayard, Le Livre de Poche, 1970.
- 1970, Le commandant Heinz Schaffer, U 977 L'odyssée d'un sous-marin allemand, J'ai lu (N° A15), 1970.
- 1970, Peillard Léonce, Histoire générale de la guerre sous-marine 1939-1945, Laffont, 1970
- 1973, Buchheim, Lothar-Günther, Das Boot (original German edition 1973, eventually translated into English and many other Western languages). Movie adaptation in 1981, directed by Wolfgang Petersen
- 1977, Lothar-Günther Buchheim, Le Styx (titre original: Das Boot), traduction B. Kreiss, Éditions Albin Michel, 1977, au Livre de Poche n°5429.
- 1979, Antony Preston, U-Boote: l'histoire des sous-marins allemands, Nathan, 1979
- 1986, Jean-Paul Pallud, U-Boote ! Les sous-marins allemands – tome 1, Éditions Heimdal
- 1986, Jean-Paul Pallud, U-Boote ! Les sous-marins allemands: les Bases – tome 2, Éditions Heimdal
- 1986, Peter Padfield, Dönitz et la guerre des U-boote, 1986, ISBN 2-85704-209-4
- 1987, Terraine, John, Business in Great Waters, (Londra 1987) Wordsworth Military Library. The best single-volume study of the U-Boat Campaigns, 1917–1945
- 1988, Van der Vat, Dan. The Atlantic Campaign. Harper & Row, 1988. Connects submarine and antisubmarine operations between World War I and World War II, and suggests a continuous war.
- 1990, Gannon, Michael (1990) Operation Drumbeat. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-302-4
- 1994, Gray, Edwyn A. The U-Boat War, 1914–1918 (1994)
- 1996, Clay Blair, Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942-1945, Cassel & Co, 1996. ISBN 0-304-35261-6
- 1996, Clay Blair, Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939-1942, Cassel & Co, 1996. ISBN 0-304-35260-8
- 1998, Gannon, Michael. 1998. Black May: The Epic Story of the Allies' Defeat of the German U-Boats in May 1943. Dell. ISBN 0-440-23564-2
- 1999, Jean-Philippe Dallies-Labourdette, U-Boote: 1935-1945 l'histoire des sous-marins de la Kriegsmarine, Éditions Histoire & Collections, ISBN 978-2-908182-41-5.
- 1999, Stern, Robert C. (1999). Battle Beneath the Waves: U-boats at war. Arms and Armor/Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-85409-200-6.
- 2000, O'Connor, Jerome M. "Inside the Grey Wolves' Den." Naval History, June 2000. The US Naval Institute Author of the Year feature describes the building and operation of the German U-boat bases in France.
- 2002, Werner, Herbert. Iron Coffins: A Personal Account of the German U-Boat Battles of World War II ISBN 978-0-304-35330-9
- 2003, Williams, Andrew, The Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them, ISBN 978-0-465-09153-9
- 2004, Jacques Alaluquetas, U-Boot VIIC, Éditions Grancher, ISBN 978-2-7339-0880-8
- 2004, Kurson, Robert (2004). Shadow Divers: The True Adventure of Two Americans Who Risked Everything to Solve One of the Last Mysteries of World War II. Random House Publishing. ISBN 0-375-50858-9
- 2004, Patrick de Gmeline, Sous-marins allemands au combat 1939-1945, Presses de la Cité, 2004, ISBN 2-258-06481-3.
- 2005, John Abbatiello. Anti-Submarine Warfare in World War I: British Naval Aviation and the Defeat of the U-Boats (2005)
- 2005, Preston, Anthony (2005). The World's Greatest Submarines.
- 2005, Westwood, David. U-Boat War: Doenitz and the evolution of the German Submarine Service 1935–1945 (2005) ISBN 1-932033-43-2
- 2006, Möller, Eberhard and Werner Brack. The Encyclopedia of U-Boats: From 1904 to the Present (2006) ISBN 1-85367-623-3
- 2006, Showell, Jak Mallmann. The U-boat Century: German Submarine Warfare, 1906–2006 (2006) ISBN 1-59114-892-8
- 2006, Von Scheck, Karl. U122: The Diary of a U-boat Commander. Diggory Press ISBN 978-1-84685-049-3
- 2007, Georg von Trapp and Elizabeth M. Campbell. To the Last Salute: Memories of an Austrian U-Boat Commander (2007)
- 2008, Chris Bishop, Les Sous-marins de la Kriegsmarine: 1939-1945, 2008, ISBN 978-2-84690-327-1
- 2008, Henri Ortholan, La Guerre sous-marine 1914-1918, Bernard Giovanangeli éditeur, 2008, ISBN 978-2-7587-0022-7
- 2010, Hans Joachim Koerver. German Submarine Warfare 1914–1918 in the Eyes of British Intelligence, LIS Reinisch 2010, ISBN 978-3-902433-79-4
Notasion
- ↑ U-boat, Online Etymolgy Dictionary. Entrada il 22 de zugno 2012.(VEC)«U-boat (n.) : 1916 (said to have been in use from 1913), partial translation of German U-Boot, short for Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat."»
- ↑ U-180 and U-195 were boats of type IXD1.
- ↑ U-883 and U-884 were boats of type IXD/42.
Altri projeti
Wikimedia Commons el detien imàjini o altri file so U-Boot
el detien schemi gràfeghi so
Linganbi foresti
- (EN) U-boatEnçiclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
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