Agnibilékrou Department was created in 1995 as a first-level subdivision via a split-off from Abengourou Department.[3] It was the final department created prior to the 1997 conversion of departments into the second-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast.
In 1997, regions were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast; as a result, all departments were converted into second-level subdivisions. Agnibilékrou Department was included in Moyen-Comoé Region.
In 2011, districts were introduced as new first-level subdivisions of Ivory Coast. At the same time, regions were reorganised and became second-level subdivisions and all departments were converted into third-level subdivisions. At this time, Agnibilékrou Department became part of Indénié-Djuablin Region in Comoé District.
In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Duffrébo was 42,426.[4]