Demographics of Turkey
Demographics of the Republic of Turkey Population 85,372,377 (31 December 2023)Growth rate 0.11% (2023)Birth rate 10.9 births/1,000 population (2023)Death rate 5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2022)Life expectancy 78.6 years (2020) • male 75.9 years (2020) • female 81.3 years (2020)Fertility rate 1.51 children born/woman (2023)[1] Infant mortality rate 9.1 deaths/1000 infants (2022)0–14 years 21.4% (2023)15–64 years 68.3% (2023)65 and over 10.2% (2023)Total 0.99 male(s)/female (2021)[2] At birth 1.05 male(s)/female (2022) Under 15 1.05 male(s)/female (2022) 65 and over 0.82 male(s)/female (2022) Nationality noun : Turk(s) adjective : TurkishMajor ethnic Turks Official Turkish Spoken See Languages of Turkey
Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density , ethnicity , education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
As of 31 December 2023,[update] the population of Turkey was 85.3 million with a growth rate of 0.11% per annum.[3] Turks are the largest ethnic group .
By ethnicity Turks (70-75%), Kurds (19%), other (6-11% including Arabs , Albanians , Bosniaks , Circassians , Chechens , Georgians , Romani , Laz people and others) (2016 estimate)
The population has been aging in recent years, with just 21.4% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007).[4] The population over the age of 65 is 10.2% (up from 7.1% in 2007). As of 2023,[update] the median age of the Turkish population is 34 years (up from 28.3 in 2007).[5] According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the population growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.[6]
Population
Historical population
Historical population of Turkey
Historical population[7]
[8] Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1890 8,274,971 — 1910 12,329,210 +2.01% 1927 13,648,270 +0.60% 1935 16,158,018 +2.13% 1940 17,820,950 +1.98% 1945 18,790,174 +1.06% 1950 20,947,188 +2.20% 1955 24,064,763 +2.81% 1960 27,754,820 +2.89% 1965 31,391,421 +2.49% 1970 35,605,176 +2.55%
Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1975 40,347,719 +2.53% 1980 44,736,957 +2.09% 1985 50,664,458 +2.52% 1990 56,473,035 +2.19% 2000 67,803,927 +1.85% 2010 73,722,988 +0.84% 2015 78,741,053 +1.33% 2020 83,614,362 +1.21% 2021 84,680,273 +1.27% 2022 85,279,553 +0.71%
Life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth in Turkey since 1937
Life expectancy in Turkey by gender since 1960
Life expectancy in Turkish provinces in 2018-20
Life expectancy in Turkey according to the UN[9]
Period
Life expectancy in Years
Period
Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955
41.01
1985–1990
63.04
1955–1960
43.69
1990–1995
65.49
1960–1965
47.22
1995–2000
68.49
1965–1970
50.78
2000–2005
71.37
1970–1975
53.75
2005–2010
73.37
1975–1980
57.05
2010–2015
74.83
1980–1985
60.22
2015–2020
77.31
According to the CIA World Factbook, in 2019, life expectancy was 78.3 years for the total population, 75.6 years for men and 81.0 years for women.[10]
Urbanization
Istanbul experienced a rapid population growth (The gray areas are buildings)
According to the CIA World Factbook:[11]
Urban population: 75.1% of total population (2018)
Rate of urbanization: 2.04% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Median age
According to the CIA World Factbook:[11]
Total population: 32.4 years
Male: 31.7 years
Female: 33.1 years (2019 est.)[12]
Sex ratio
According to the CIA World Factbook:[11]
At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25–54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
55–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
Literacy
According to the CIA World Factbook:[11]
Defined as people age 15 and over who can read and write, 2016 est.
Total population: 96.2%
Male: 98.8%
Female: 93.6%
2022 official estimates:[13]
Total population: 97.6%
Male: 99.3%
Female: 95.9%
Vital statistics
UN estimates
The figures from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:[14]
Period
Live births per year
Deaths per year
Natural change per year
CBR[a]
CDR[a]
NC[a]
TFR[a]
IMR[a]
1950–1955
1,127,000
551,000
677,000
48.4
18.8
29.6
6.69
167.4
1955–1960
1,216,000
564,000
752,000
46.9
18.4
28.5
6.5
163.9
1960–1965
1,277,000
547,000
799,000
44.3
17.6
26.7
6.2
160.5
1965–1970
1,343,000
527,000
792,000
40.3
16.7
23.6
5.80
156.9
1970–1975
1,451,000
523,000
887,000
38.7
15.0
23.7
5.39
141.3
1975–1980
1,497,000
505,000
977,000
36.4
13.0
23.4
4.69
119.4
1980–1985
1,527,000
481,000
1,074,000
33.8
10.8
23.0
4.11
96.7
1985–1990
1,431,000
454,000
976,000
27.7
8.8
18.9
3.39
78.0
1990–1995
1,375,000
438,000
987,000
25.1
7.7
17.4
3.11
63.0
1995–2000
1,389,000
418,000
983,000
22.8
6.9
15.9
2.76
45.5
2000–2005
1,345,000
404,000
923,000
20.5
6.2
14.3
2.50
31.4
2005–2010
1,309,000
415,000
932,000
18.7
5.9
12.8
2.27
24.0
2010–2015
1,302,000
439,000
914,000
17.3
5.8
11.5
2.15
13.0
2015–2020
1,281,000
473,000
808,000
15.8
5.8
10.0
2.10
2020–2025
1,242,000
509,000
733,000
14.6
6.0
8.6
2.04
2025–2030
1,191,000
543,000
648,000
13.6
6.2
7.4
2.01
^ a b c d e CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
Registered births and deaths
Birth statistics of Turkey from 2001 onward are from the Central Population Administrative System (MERNIS) database which is available on-line.[15] Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.[16]
In 2010 Turkey had a crude birth rate of 17.2 per 1000, in 2011 16.7, down from 20.3 in 2001. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2010 was 2.05 children per woman, in 2011 2.02. The crude birth rate in 2010 ranged from 11.5 per 1,000 in West Marmara (TFR 1.52) (11,5;1.55 in 2011), similar to neighbouring Bulgaria , to 27.9 per 1,000 in Southeast Anatolia (TFR 3.53) (27.1;3,42 in 2011), similar to neighbouring Syria . Similarly, in 2012, the TFR ranged from 1.43 in Kırklareli , to 4.39 in Şanlıurfa .[17] Death statistics from MERNIS are available as of 2009. Mortality data prior to 2009 are incomplete.
Population (31.12.)
Live births
Deaths
Natural change
Crude birth rate (per 1000)
Crude death (per 1000)
Natural increase (per 1000)
Crude migration (per 1000)
Total fertility rate (TFR)
1990
1,392,000
388,000
1,004,000
3.11
1991
1,390,000
391,000
999,000
3.02
1992
1,388,000
394,000
994,000
2.94
1993
1,385,000
396,000
989,000
2.87
1994
1,372,000
399,000
973,000
2.81
1995
1,368,000
402,000
966,000
2.76
1996
1,386,000
419,000
967,000
2.70
1997
1,317,000
424,000
893,000
2.66
1998
1,318,000
426,000
892,000
2.61
1999
1,313,000
427,000
886,000
2.56
2000
1,307,000
422,000
885,000
2.50
2001
1,323,341
175,137
1,148,204
20.3
2.38
2002
1,229,555
175,434
1,054,121
18.6
2.40
2003
1,198,927
184,330
1,014,597
17.9
2.35
2004
1,222,484
187,086
1,035,398
18.1
2.31
2005
1,244,041
197,520
1,046,521
18.2
2.27
2006
1,255,432
210,146
1,045,286
18.1
2.24
2007
70,586,256
1,289,992
212,731
1,077,261
18.3
3.0
15.3
2.21
2008
71,517,100
1,295,511
215,562
1,079,949
18.1
3.0
15.1
-2.1
2.19
2009
72,561,312
1,266,751
369,703
897,048
17.6
5.1
12.5
2.0
2.10
2010
73,722,988
1,261,169
366,471
894,698
17.2
5.0
12.2
3.6
2.08
2011
74,724,269
1,252,812
376,162
876,650
16.9
5.1
11.8
1.7
2.05
2012
75,627,384
1,294,605
376,520
918,085
17.2
5.0
12.2
-0.2
2.11
2013
76,667,864
1,297,505
373,041
924,464
17.0
4.9
12.1
1.5
2.11
2014
77,695,904
1,351,088
391,091
959,997
17.5
5.1
12.4
0.9
2.19
2015
78,741,053
1,336,908
405,528
931,380
17.1
5.2
11.9
1.4
2.16
2016
79,814,871
1,316,204
422,964
893,240
16.6
5.3
11.3
2.3
2.11
2017
80,810,525
1,300,258
426,662
873,596
16.2
5.3
10.9
1.5
2.08
2018
82,003,882
1,256,282
426,785
829,497
15.4
5.2
10.2
4.4
2.00
2019
83,154,997
1,189,939
436,624
753,315
14.4
5.3
9.1
4.8
1.89
2020
83,614,362
1,117,942
509,048
608,894
13.4
6.1
7.3
-1.8
1.77
2021
84,680,273
1,083,336
566,485
516,851
12.9
6.7
6.2
6.5
1.71
2022
85,279,553
1,035,795
504,839
530,956
12.2
5.9
6.3
0.8
1.62
2023
85,572,142
958,408
11.2
1.51
Birth and death rate by region and year
Birth and Death Rate by Region and Year
Birth Rate by Region and Year
Region
Population (2022)
Birth Rate (TFR)/2022
Birth Rate (TFR)/2021
Birth Rate (TFR)/2020
Birth Rate (TFR)/2019
Birth Rate (TFR)/2018
Birth Rate (TFR)/2017
Birth Rate (TFR)/2016
Birth Rate (TFR)/2015
Birth Rate (TFR)/2014
Birth Rate (TFR)/2013
Birth Rate (TFR)/2012
Birth Rate (TFR)/2011
Birth Rate (TFR)/2010
Birth Rate (TFR)/2009
Turkey
85 279 553
12.2 (1.62)
12.9 (1.71)
13.4 (1.77)
14.4 (1.89)
15.4 (2.00)
16.2 (2.08)
16.6 (2.11)
17.1 (2.16)
17.5 (2.19)
17.0 (2.11)
17.2 (2.11)
16.9 (2.05)
17.2 (2.08)
17.6 (2.10)
İstanbul
15 907 951
10.7 (1.29)
11.5 (1.39)
12.4 (1.48)
13.6 (1.60)
14.8 (1.73)
15.6 (1.80)
16.3 (1.86)
16.7 (1.88)
17.0 (1.89)
16.4 (1.81)
16.5 (1.80)
15.9 (1.72)
16.3 (1.77)
16.4 (1.77)
West Marmara
3 743 485
9.4 (1.41)
9.6 (1.43)
10.1 (1.50)
10.6 (1.57)
11.5 (1.67)
11.8 (1.70)
11.9 (1.69)
12.0 (1.69)
12.1 (1.69)
11.9 (1.64)
11.9 (1.63)
11.6 (1.57)
11.5 (1.54)
11.7 (1.54)
Aegean
10 886 803
9.8 (1.41)
10.2 (1.45)
10.7 (1.50)
11.4 (1.58)
12.2 (1.68)
12.9 (1.75)
13.2 (1.76)
13.6 (1.80)
13.8 (1.80)
13.4 (1.73)
13.7 (1.74)
13.2 (1.66)
13.3 (1.66)
13.7 (1.69)
East Marmara
8 511 450
11.0 (1.48)
11.7 (1.56)
12.2 (1.61)
13.2 (1.72)
14.2 (1.83)
14.6 (1.87)
15.0 (1.89)
15.2 (1.90)
15.3 (1.88)
14.8 (1.80)
15.0 (1.80)
14.5 (1.71)
14.8 (1.74)
15.2 (1.77)
West Anatolia
8 339 470
10.9 (1.42)
11.4 (1.48)
12.0 (1.55)
13.0 (1.66)
14.1 (1.78)
14.7 (1.84)
15.1 (1.87)
15.5 (1.90)
15.8 (1.91)
15.4 (1.85)
15.4 (1.83)
15.2 (1.79)
15.4 (1.80)
15.8 (1.83)
Mediterranean
11 020 550
12.2 (1.71)
12.8 (1.77)
13.3 (1.83)
14.3 (1.96)
15.4 (2.08)
16.3 (2.18)
17.0 (2.24)
17.5 (2.29)
18.0 (2.32)
17.6 (2.24)
17.8 (2.23)
17.3 (2.14)
17.8 (2.18)
18.3 (2.20)
Central Anatolia
4 124 939
11.3 (1.56)
11.8 (1.62)
12.3 (1.68)
13.2 (1.79)
14.1 (1.89)
14.9 (1.99)
15.4 (2.05)
15.8 (2.09)
16.4 (2.14)
16.0 (2.06)
16.3 (2.07)
16.4 (2.06)
16.7 (2.08)
17.6 (2.16)
West Black Sea
4 665 938
9.0 (1.35)
9.4 (1.41)
9.8 (1.47)
10.6 (1.57)
11.2 (1.63)
11.6 (1.67)
11.9 (1.69)
12.2 (1.73)
12.7 (1.77)
12.8 (1.76)
13.0 (1.77)
13.0 (1.74)
13.6 (1.79)
14.2 (1.84)
East Black Sea
2 690 038
9.3 (1.39)
9.8 (1.45)
10.3 (1.52)
11.0 (1.61)
11.6 (1.69)
12.0 (1.73)
12.3 (1.77)
12.5 (1.78)
12.8 (1.81)
12.8 (1.77)
13.0 (1.78)
13.1 (1.77)
13.6 (1.81)
14.1 (1.86)
Northeast Anatolia
2 154 748
15.0 (1.92)
16.5 (2.11)
17.1 (2.18)
18.4 (2.36)
19.1 (2.45)
20.6 (2.64)
21.2 (2.72)
21.7 (2.79)
22.7 (2.90)
22.4 (2.85)
22.8 (2.90)
22.9 (2.90)
23.4 (2.97)
23.1 (2.91)
Central East Anatolia
3 928 271
16.0 (2.01)
16.8 (2.12)
17.8 (2.23)
19.3 (2.43)
20.0 (2.52)
21.1 (2.65)
21.2 (2.67)
21.9 (2.75)
23.0 (2.87)
22.6 (2.83)
22.5 (2.82)
22.9 (2.85)
23.6 (2.95)
23.9 (3.00)
Southeast Anatolia
9 305 910
21.3 (2.71)
22.7 (2.86)
22.5 (2.84)
23.8 (3.03)
25.5 (3.23)
26.6 (3.36)
26.7 (3.38)
27.8 (3.52)
28.7 (3.63)
27.6 (3.48)
28.0 (3.53)
27.7 (3.48)
28.2 (3.57)
28.3 (3.59)
Death Rate by Region and Year
Region
Population (2022)
Death Rate (2022)
Death Rate (2021)
Death Rate (2020)
Death Rate (2019)
Death Rate (2018)
Death Rate (2017)
Death Rate (2016)
Death Rate (2015)
Death Rate (2014)
Death Rate (2013)
Death Rate (2012)
Death Rate (2011)
Death Rate (2010)
Death Rate (2009)
Turkey
85 279 553
5.9
6.7
6.1
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.1
İstanbul
15 907 951
4.6
5.4
4.9
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.2
West Marmara
3 743 485
9.0
9.8
8.1
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.5
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
Aegean
10 886 803
7.7
8.2
7.5
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.4
6.1
5.9
6.2
6.2
5.9
6.0
East Marmara
8 511 450
6.3
7.3
6.3
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
West Anatolia
8 339 470
5.5
6.2
6.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.8
Mediterranean
11 020 550
5.7
6.5
5.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
Central Anatolia
4 124 939
6.7
7.8
7.1
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.7
West Black Sea
4 665 938
8.8
9.9
8.5
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.3
6.9
7.0
7.0
6.8
7.0
East Black Sea
2 690 038
8.7
9.6
8.0
7.2
7.0
7.3
7.0
6.9
6.8
6.3
6.5
6.5
6.2
6.4
Northeast Anatolia
2 154 748
5.2
6.1
5.7
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.4
5.0
5.1
Central East Anatolia
3 928 271
4.3
5.2
5.1
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.5
Southeast Anatolia
9 305 910
3.5
4.3
4.2
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Total births and deaths by region and year
Absolute Births and Deaths by Region and Year
Absolute Births by Region and Year
Region
Population (2022)
Births (2022)
Births (2021)
Births (2020)
Births (2019)
Births (2018)
Births (2017)
Births (2016)
Births (2015)
Births (2014)
Births (2013)
Births (2012)
Births (2011)
Births (2010)
Births (2009)
Turkey
85 279 553
1,035,795
1,083,336
1,117,942
1,189,939
1,256,282
1,300,258
1,316,204
1,336,908
1,351,088
1,297,505
1,294,605
1,252,812
1,261,169
1,266,751
İstanbul
15 907 951
170,084
180,718
192,424
208,264
223,013
233,220
240,027
242,888
242,397
229,390
226,594
213,441
213,821
210,441
West Marmara
3 743 485
34,812
35,060
36,522
38,159
40,590
40,933
40,495
40,391
40,138
38,806
38,517
37,058
36,284
36,400
Aegean
10 886 803
106,284
109,564
113,538
120,023
127,579
132,868
134,176
137,187
137,438
132,299
133,419
127,833
128,112
129,927
East Marmara
8 511 450
93,238
97,590
99,942
106,064
112,164
113,462
113,585
112,635
111,115
105,761
105,203
99,704
100,386
100,928
West Anatolia
8 339 470
90,738
93,796
98,139
104,588
111,376
115,079
116,456
117,694
117,405
112,593
111,279
108,026
106,921
107,734
Mediterranean
11 020 550
134,115
138,127
142,483
150,950
159,689
166,815
171,561
174,874
177,272
170,686
169,985
163,817
166,123
167,506
Central Anatolia
4 124 939
46,628
48,257
50,332
53,825
56,527
58,933
60,381
61,569
63,446
61,669
62,634
62,989
64,216
67,174
West Black Sea
4 665 938
41,807
43,903
45,773
49,595
51,705
52,779
53,722
54,995
57,099
57,369
58,377
58,511
61,393
63,972
East Black Sea
2 690 038
25,073
26,202
27,682
29,627
31,002
31,556
32,092
32,144
32,817
32,558
32,774
32,836
34,272
35,565
Northeast Anatolia
2 154 748
32,640
36,004
37,557
40,613
41,915
45,262
46,609
47,720
49,996
49,605
50,781
50,779
51,578
50,778
Central East Anatolia
3 928 271
62,761
66,389
70,007
75,717
77,860
81,133
81,298
83,682
87,027
84,963
84,018
84,344
86,055
86,812
Southeast Anatolia
9 305 910
197,615
207,726
203,543
212,514
222,862
228,218
225,802
231,129
234,938
221,806
221,024
213,474
212,008
209,514
Absolute Deaths by Region and Year
Region
Population (2022)
Deaths (2022)
Deaths (2021)
Deaths (2020)
Deaths (2019)
Deaths (2018)
Deaths (2017)
Deaths (2016)
Deaths (2015)
Deaths (2014)
Deaths (2013)
Deaths (2012)
Deaths (2011)
Deaths (2010)
Deaths (2009)
Turkey
85 279 553
504,839
566,485
509,048
436,624
426,785
426,662
422,964
405,528
391,091
373,041
376,520
376,162
366,471
369,703
İstanbul
15 907 951
73,751
84,243
76,407
63,486
62,594
63,372
62,572
60,093
58,009
54,770
54,696
53,165
52,812
53,761
West Marmara
3 743 485
33,315
35,752
29,385
27,589
27,456
27,219
26,416
26,145
24,864
23,229
23,496
23,167
23,007
22,687
Aegean
10 886 803
83,124
87,904
79,805
71,047
68,644
68,475
67,699
64,844
61,126
57,651
60,234
59,623
56,658
57,068
East Marmara
8 511 450
53,615
60,288
51,536
45,264
44,858
44,250
43,628
41,991
40,007
38,291
38,220
38,094
37,526
37,379
West Anatolia
8 339 470
45,783
51,273
50,005
39,814
39,382
38,910
37,765
35,814
34,589
33,219
33,369
33,097
32,270
32,976
Mediterranean
11 020 550
62,678
69,851
61,592
52,801
50,776
50,533
50,229
47,411
45,439
43,949
43,404
42,900
41,834
41,264
Central Anatolia
4 124 939
27,462
31,862
28,802
24,198
23,890
24,005
23,914
23,086
22,379
21,238
21,049
21,873
21,299
21,582
West Black Sea
4 665 938
40,926
46,100
39,595
35,366
34,984
34,748
34,359
33,355
32,772
31,011
31,476
31,651
30,541
31,279
East Black Sea
2 690 038
23,365
25,906
21,342
19,345
18,606
19,183
18,339
17,672
17,292
15,996
16,504
16,266
15,574
16,158
Northeast Anatolia
2 154 748
11,344
13,370
12,564
10,779
10,900
10,915
11,020
11,013
10,787
10,667
11,052
11,870
10,955
11,154
Central East Anatolia
3 928 271
16,953
20,460
19,979
15,969
15,530
16,086
16,132
15,685
15,441
15,430
15,419
16,551
16,114
16,491
Southeast Anatolia
9 305 910
32,523
39,476
38,036
30,966
29,165
28,966
30,891
28,419
28,386
27,590
27,601
27,905
27,881
27,904
Natural increase by region and year
Natural Increase by Region and Year
Natural Increase by Region and Year
Region
Population (2022)
Natural Increase (2022)
Natural Increase (2021)
Natural Increase (2020)
Natural Increase (2019)
Natural Increase (2018)
Natural Increase (2017)
Natural Increase (2016)
Natural Increase (2015)
Natural Increase (2014)
Natural Increase (2013)
Natural Increase (2012)
Natural Increase (2011)
Natural Increase (2010)
Natural Increase (2009)
Turkey
85 279 553
530 956/6.3
516 851/6.2
608 894/7.3
753 315/9.1
829 497/10.2
873 596/10.9
893 240/11.3
931 380/11.9
959 997/12.4
924 464/12.1
918 085/12.2
876 650/11.8
894 698/12.2
897 048/12.5
İstanbul
15 907 951
96 333/6.1
96 475/6.1
116 017/7.5
144 778/9.4
160 419/10.6
169 848/11.4
177 455/12.0
182 795/12.6
184 388/12.9
174 620/12.5
171 898/12.5
160 276/11.9
161 009/12.3
156 680/12.2
West Marmara
3 743 485
1 497/0.4
-692/-0.2
7 137/2.0
10 570/2.9
13 134/3.7
13 714/3.9
14 079/4.1
14 246/4.2
15 274/4.6
15 577/4.8
15 021/4.7
13 891/4.4
13 277/4.2
13 713/4.4
Aegean
10 886 803
23 160/2.1
21 660/2.0
33 733/3.2
48 976/4.7
58 935/5.6
64 393/6.2
66 477/6.5
72 343/7.2
76 312/7.7
74 648/7.6
73 185/7.5
68 210/7.0
71 454/7.4
72 859/7.7
East Marmara
8 511 450
39 623/4.7
37 302/4.4
48 406/5.9
60 800/7.6
67 306/8.5
69 212/8.9
69 957/9.2
70 644/9.5
71 108/9.8
67 470/9.5
66 983/9.6
61 610/8.9
62 860/9.3
63 549/9.6
West Anatolia
8 339 470
44 955/5.4
42 523/5.2
48 134/5.9
64 774/8.0
71 994/9.1
76 169/9.7
78 691/10.2
81 880/10.8
82 816/11.1
79 374/10.9
77 910/10.8
74 929/10.6
74 651/10.7
74 758/11.0
Mediterranean
11 020 550
71 437/6.5
68 276/6.3
80 891/7.5
98 149/9.3
108 913/10.5
116 282/11.4
121 332/12.0
127 463/12.8
131 833/13.4
126 737/13.1
126 581/13.2
120 917/12.8
124 289/13.3
126 242/13.8
Central Anatolia
4 124 939
19 166/4.6
16 395/4.0
21 530/5.2
29 627/7.3
32 637/8.2
34 928/8.8
36 467/9.3
38 483/9.9
41 067/10.6
40 431/10.5
41 585/10.8
41 116/10.7
42 917/11.2
45 592/12.0
West Black Sea
4 665 938
881/0.2
-2 197/-0.5
6 178/1.3
14 229/3.0
16 721/3.6
18 031/4.0
19 363/4.3
21 640/4.8
24 327/5.4
26 358/5.9
26 901/6.0
26 860/6.0
30 852/6.8
32 693/7.3
East Black Sea
2 690 038
1 708/0.6
296/0.2
6 340/2.3
10 282/3.8
12 396/4.6
12 373/4.7
13 753/5.3
14 472/5.6
15 525/6.1
16 562/6.5
16 270/6.4
16 570/6.6
18 698/7.4
19 407/7.7
Northeast Anatolia
2 154 748
21 296/9.8
22 634/10.4
24 993/11.4
29 834/13.5
31 015/14.1
34 347/15.6
35 589/16.2
36 707/16.7
39 209/17.8
38 938/17.6
39 729/17.8
38 909/17.6
40 623/18.5
39 624/18.0
Central East Anatolia
3 928 271
45 808/11.7
45 929/11.6
50 028/12.7
59 748/15.2
62 330/16.0
65 047/16.9
65 166/17.0
67 997/17.8
71 586/18.9
69 533/18.5
68 599/18.4
67 793/18.4
69 941/19.2
70 321/19.4
Southeast Anatolia
9 305 910
165 092/17.8
168 250/18.4
165 507/18.3
181 548/20.3
193 697/22.2
199 252/23.2
194 911/23.1
202 710/24.4
206 552/25.3
194 216/24.2
193 423/24.5
185 569/24.1
184 127/24.5
181 610/24.5
Historical fertility rate
Total Fertility Rate
Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[18]
Year
CBR (Total)
TFR (Total)
CBR (Urban)
TFR (Urban)
CBR (Rural)
TFR (Rural)
1993
22,9
2,7 (1,8)
21,7
2,4 (1,7)
24,0
3,1 (2,0)
1998
23,4
2,61 (1,9)
22,8
2,39 (1,9)
24,7
3,08 (2,1)
Total fertility rate by region in Turkey by Turkish General Census (GNS) and Turkish population and health research (TNSA).[19]
South-East
East
Mediterranean
Black Sea
Central
Aegean
Marmara
Turkey
TNSA 1978
6,31
3,77
4,99
4,26
2,89
4,33
GNS 1980
4,61
4,64
3,50
3,65
3,76
2,81
2,73
3,41
TNSA 1993
4,40
2,37
3,15
2,44
2,03
2,65
TNSA 1998
4,19
2,55
2,68
2,56
2,03
2,61
GNS 2000
4,31
3,72
2,43
2,28
2,29
1,96
1,88
2,53
TNSA 2003
3,65
2,30
1,94
1,86
1,88
2,23
GNS rural 2000
4,80
4,52
2,52
2,56
2,91
2,23
2,03
2,87
GNS urban 2000
4,05
3,08
2,38
2,01
2,05
1,80
1,85
2,20
GNS metropolitan 2000
3,81
2,34
2,41
1,87
1,89
1,60
1,83
2,03
Total fertility rate (TFR) by province and year
Total fertility rate (TFR) by province and year
Figures from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat):[20]
Turkey total fertility rate by province (2023)[20] 3–4
2–3
1.5 – 2
1 – 1.5
Total fertility rate by province 1980[20] 5–6
4–5
3–4
2–3
1.5 – 2
1 – 1.5
Total fertility rate by province (2013)[20]
Total fertility rate by province (2014)[20]
Total fertility rate by province (2015)[20]
Total fertility rate by province (2019)[20]
Total fertility rate by province (2020)[20]
Total fertility rate by province (2021)[20]
Total fertility rate by province (2022)[20]
Total fertility rate by province (2023)[20]
Total fertility rate development by province 2009–2015[20] > 12%
8 to 12%
4 to 8%
0 to 4%
-4 to 0%
-8 to −4%
-12 to −8%
< -12%
Province
Population (2022)[21]
TFR (1980)[19]
TFR (2000)
TFR (2009)
TFR (2010)
TFR (2011)
TFR (2012)
TFR (2013)
TFR (2014)
TFR (2015)
TFR (2016)
TFR (2017)
TFR (2018)
TFR (2019)
TFR (2020)
TFR (2021)
TFR (2022)
Turkey
85 279 553
2.12
2.08
2.05
2.11
2.10
2.18
2.15
2.11
2.07
1.99
1.88
1.76
1.71
1.62
İstanbul
15 907 951
1.77
1.77
1.72
1.80
1.81
1.89
1.88
1.86
1.80
1.73
1.60
1.48
1.39
1.29
West Marmara
3 743 485
1.54
1.54
1.57
1.63
1.64
1.69
1.69
1.68
1.69
1.66
1.56
1.49
1.43
1.41
Tekirdağ
1 142 451
1.83
1.69
1.67
1.72
1.79
1.82
1.88
1.94
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.77
1.65
1.59
1.53
Edirne
414 714
2.41
1.66
1.43
1.39
1.45
1.51
1.49
1.46
1.54
1.48
1.46
1.43
1.34
1.34
1.31
1.31
Kırklareli
369 347
1.70
1.38
1.39
1.35
1.45
1.45
1.56
1.55
1.48
1.53
1.48
1.43
1.40
1.30
1.31
Balıkesir
1 257 590
1.95
1.53
1.56
1.58
1.62
1.65
1.71
1.65
1.67
1.66
1.63
1.54
1.48
1.41
1.42
Çanakkale
559 383
1.68
1.50
1.44
1.53
1.58
1.52
1.57
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.56
1.47
1.39
1.32
1.28
Aegean
10 886 803
1.69
1.66
1.66
1.74
1.73
1.80
1.80
1.76
1.74
1.67
1.57
1.49
1.45
1.41
İzmir
4 462 056
1.75
1.57
1.54
1.56
1.66
1.64
1.72
1.72
1.68
1.65
1.59
1.48
1.39
1.36
1.31
Aydın
1 148 241
2.12
1.74
1.71
1.69
1.82
1.79
1.84
1.85
1.82
1.87
1.78
1.67
1.57
1.54
1.49
Denizli
1 056 332
2.19
1.73
1.66
1.70
1.74
1.76
1.87
1.86
1.80
1.79
1.71
1.61
1.55
1.50
1.47
Muğla
1 048 185
1.94
1.71
1.70
1.67
1.76
1.73
1.76
1.77
1.73
1.69
1.64
1.55
1.50
1.43
1.35
Manisa
1 468 279
2.14
1.78
1.77
1.79
1.86
1.89
1.94
1.93
1.91
1.86
1.83
1.75
1.68
1.64
1.61
Afyonkarahisar
747 555
3.74
2.82
2.06
2.01
2.01
2.03
1.98
2.09
2.08
2.01
1.97
1.89
1.84
1.74
1.67
1.61
Kütahya
580 701
2.19
1.55
1.60
1.53
1.55
1.52
1.58
1.59
1.52
1.50
1.43
1.34
1.31
1.21
1.18
Uşak
375 454
2.18
1.64
1.67
1.64
1.74
1.76
1.79
1.74
1.68
1.69
1.59
1.50
1.44
1.37
1.38
East Marmara
8 511 450
1.77
1.74
1.71
1.80
1.80
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.86
1.83
1.71
1.61
1.56
1.48
Bursa
3 194 720
1.98
1.78
1.77
1.73
1.85
1.85
1.90
1.92
1.91
1.88
1.86
1.74
1.65
1.57
1.47
Eskişehir
906 617
1.74
1.40
1.38
1.38
1.46
1.48
1.57
1.56
1.54
1.54
1.49
1.40
1.35
1.35
1.29
Bilecik
228 673
1.98
1.71
1.67
1.63
1.75
1.77
1.78
1.72
1.74
1.70
1.69
1.62
1.50
1.45
1.40
Kocaeli
2 079 072
3.23
2.13
1.90
1.87
1.82
1.91
1.91
2.04
2.07
2.04
2.01
1.96
1.85
1.70
1.66
1.58
Sakarya
1 080 080
2,23
1.87
1.82
1.78
1.85
1.83
1.91
1.93
1.95
1.94
1.94
1.80
1.68
1.68
1.55
Düzce
405 131
2.18
1.87
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.87
1.90
1.86
1.90
1.83
1.77
1.71
1.60
1.49
1.48
Bolu
320 824
1.93
1.60
1.57
1.64
1.59
1.64
1.66
1.60
1.62
1.56
1.52
1.46
1.36
1.37
1.31
Yalova
296 333
1.93
1.78
1.64
1.62
1.72
1.69
1.81
1.78
1.88
1.82
1.75
1.65
1.49
1.48
1.39
West Anatolia
8 339 470
1.83
1.80
1.79
1.83
1.85
1.91
1.90
1.86
1.83
1.77
1.65
1.54
1.48
1.42
Ankara
5 782 285
1.90
1.68
1.66
1.65
1.68
1.71
1.77
1.77
1.73
1.71
1.65
1.53
1.42
1.34
1.28
Konya
2 296 347
3.00
2.14
2.12
2.13
2.18
2.18
2.25
2.20
2.18
2.11
2.06
1.93
1.84
1.80
1.75
Karaman
260 838
2.77
2.15
1.95
1.98
2.02
2.09
2.04
2.12
2.09
2.06
1.95
1.85
1.77
1.66
1.60
Mediterranean
11 020 550
2.20
2.18
2.14
2.23
2.24
2.32
2.28
2.24
2.16
2.07
1.94
1.83
1.77
1.71
Antalya
2 688 004
1.93
1.91
1.87
1.84
1.93
1.91
1.96
1.98
1.94
1.84
1.76
1.63
1.54
1.48
1.37
Isparta
445 325
2.04
1.76
1.66
1.66
1.72
1.70
1.75
1.72
1.72
1.76
1.62
1.54
1.45
1.43
1.39
Burdur
273 799
2.12
1.74
1.73
1.68
1.66
1.68
1.79
1.79
1.74
1.66
1.58
1.50
1.41
1.37
1.36
Adana
2 274 106
2.68
2.18
2.14
2.12
2.21
2.25
2.34
2.32
2.26
2.22
2.12
2.01
1.87
1.83
1.82
Mersin
1 916 432
2.38
2.03
2.04
2.00
2.12
2.11
2.20
2.17
2.14
2.07
2.02
1.86
1.77
1.72
1.68
Hatay
1 686 043
2.97
2.57
2.54
2.51
2.63
2.62
2.82
2.74
2.69
2.58
2.49
2.37
2.20
2.15
2.04
Kahramanmaraş
1 177 436
3.54
2.70
2.68
2.66
2.68
2.74
2.74
2.64
2.60
2.53
2.38
2.22
2.10
2.00
1.94
Osmaniye
559 405
2.95
2.55
2.57
2.40
2.51
2.51
2.59
2.50
2.43
2.39
2.26
2.21
2.03
1.92
1.98
Central Anatolia
4 124 939
2.16
2.08
2.06
2.07
2.06
2.13
2.08
2.03
1.96
1.87
1.78
1.67
1.62
1.56
Kırıkkale
277 046
2.39
1.77
1.70
1.60
1.59
1.65
1.69
1.72
1.69
1.68
1.59
1.53
1.43
1.39
1.33
Aksaray
433 055
2.85
2.42
2.35
2.34
2.30
2.29
2.35
2.30
2.24
2.19
2.13
1.99
1.92
1.86
1.83
Niğde
365 419
2.98
2.40
2.28
2.23
2.32
2.25
2.33
2.19
2.20
2.08
1.99
1.92
1.76
1.72
1.69
Nevşehir
310 011
2.55
2.10
1.98
1.97
1.98
1.94
2.10
1.98
1.93
1.85
1.78
1.66
1.62
1.58
1.51
Kırşehir
244 519
2.40
1.72
1.69
1.69
1.75
1.78
1.86
1.82
1.79
1.76
1.73
1.65
1.49
1.40
1.38
Kayseri
1 441 523
2.62
2.21
2.14
2.16
2.18
2.17
2.25
2.19
2.13
2.02
1.96
1.85
1.71
1.66
1.60
Sivas
634 924
2.76
2.07
2.02
1.99
1.99
1.94
1.99
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.78
1.73
1.63
1.55
1.46
Yozgat
418 442
2.84
2.25
2.07
2.04
2.03
1.97
2.06
2.06
2.01
1.99
1.83
1.71
1.63
1.53
1.47
West Black Sea
4 665 938
1.84
1.79
1.74
1.77
1.76
1.77
1.73
1.69
1.66
1.63
1.56
1.46
1.41
1.35
Zonguldak
588 510
1.93
1.71
1.65
1.58
1.62
1.59
1.60
1.56
1.50
1.48
1.43
1.38
1.31
1.26
1.18
Karabük
252 058
1.99
1.67
1.60
1.62
1.54
1.59
1.56
1.57
1.46
1.50
1.49
1.41
1.29
1.32
1.21
Bartın
203 351
2.11
1.68
1.67
1.61
1.50
1.57
1.69
1.58
1.55
1.45
1.48
1.42
1.38
1.25
1.26
Kastamonu
378 115
3.44
2.18
1.70
1.69
1.64
1.69
1.68
1.59
1.63
1.59
1.50
1.54
1.47
1.41
1.39
1.39
Çankırı
195 766
2.27
1.97
1.93
1.91
1.84
1.78
1.86
1.78
1.84
1.75
1.69
1.69
1.67
1.69
1.51
Sinop
220 799
4.35
2.48
1.91
1.81
1.77
1.84
1.75
1.79
1.72
1.70
1.70
1.61
1.60
1.56
1.47
1.41
Samsun
1 368 488
2.55
1.87
1.81
1.77
1.83
1.83
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.78
1.75
1.65
1.51
1.43
1.38
Tokat
596 454
3.06
1.95
1.92
1.83
1.79
1.82
1.82
1.74
1.70
1.67
1.63
1.61
1.47
1.42
1.39
Çorum
524 130
2.66
1.93
1.90
1.86
1.96
1.89
1.97
1.85
1.86
1.79
1.73
1.68
1.57
1.52
1.45
Amasya
338 267
2.34
1.80
1.75
1.71
1.75
1.78
1.75
1.80
1.70
1.72
1.66
1.60
1.48
1.46
1.38
East Black Sea
2 690 038
1.86
1.81
1.77
1.78
1.77
1.80
1.78
1.76
1.71
1.68
1.60
1.51
1.45
1.39
Trabzon
818 023
2.10
1.87
1.82
1.78
1.80
1.79
1.84
1.86
1.85
1.82
1.79
1.68
1.56
1.53
1.43
Ordu
763 190
2.81
1.94
1.89
1.84
1.86
1.85
1.89
1.83
1.84
1.81
1.72
1.67
1.56
1.44
1.44
Giresun
450 862
2.31
1.74
1.74
1.65
1.66
1.64
1.65
1.64
1.57
1.56
1.55
1.49
1.40
1.33
1.32
Rize
344 016
2.01
1.80
1.76
1.75
1.73
1.80
1.79
1.79
1.79
1.75
1.76
1.65
1.57
1.53
1.41
Artvin
169 403
2.24
1.73
1.72
1.67
1.78
1.73
1.78
1.74
1.77
1.72
1.64
1.60
1.57
1.40
1.39
Gümüşhane
144 544
2.92
2.09
1.88
1.89
1.84
1.84
1.84
1.72
1.62
1.37
1.33
1.35
1.38
1.35
1.30
Northeast Anatolia
2 154 748
2.91
2.97
2.90
2.90
2.85
2.90
2.79
2.72
2.64
2.44
2.36
2.18
2.11
1.92
Erzurum
749 754
3.51
2.51
2.49
2.50
2.50
2.49
2.60
2.51
2.45
2.40
2.24
2.15
2.02
1.95
1.80
Erzincan
239 223
2.54
1.82
1.82
1.91
1.88
1.89
1.82
1.82
1.89
1.73
1.63
1.65
1.53
1.58
1.39
Bayburt
84 241
3.29
2.38
2.31
2.16
2.30
2.13
2.18
2.09
1.96
1.83
1.84
1.71
1.61
1.60
1.42
Ağrı
510 626
5.49
4.22
4.38
4.13
4.11
4.01
4.04
3.84
3.73
3.63
3.28
3.18
2.89
2.73
2.51
Kars
274 829
3.76
2.90
3.05
2.88
2.92
2.74
2.75
2.64
2.59
2.54
2.35
2.25
2.10
1.98
1.86
Iğdır
203 594
4.17
3.06
3.16
3.12
3.10
3.21
3.19
3.05
2.98
2.81
2.70
2.56
2.27
2.22
1.99
Ardahan
92 481
2.95
2.35
2.25
2.25
2.21
2.11
2.24
2.17
2.01
2.05
1.91
1.88
1.74
1.82
1.63
Central East Anatolia
3 928 271
3.00
2.95
2.85
2.82
2.83
2.87
2.75
2.67
2.65
2.52
2.43
2.23
2.12
2.01
Malatya
812 580
3.66
2.56
2.08
2.06
1.99
1.99
1.96
2.05
2.01
1.99
1.99
1.90
1.80
1.66
1.64
1.59
Elazığ
591 497
2.52
2.02
1.98
1.98
1.97
1.93
2.04
1.99
1.96
1.95
1.86
1.79
1.71
1.60
1.51
Bingöl
282 556
3.56
2.56
2.55
2.52
2.49
2.49
2.63
2.42
2.44
2.39
2.37
2.26
2.10
1.99
1.80
Tunceli
84 366
4.87
1.90
1.56
1.47
1.50
1.53
1.55
1.62
1.69
1.58
1.56
1.64
1.69
1.57
1.49
1.40
Van
1 128 749
6.00
3.93
3.84
3.66
3.58
3.64
3.54
3.37
3.20
3.15
2.96
2.85
2.56
2.35
2.28
Muş
399 202
4.18
3.93
3.94
3.66
3.65
3.59
3.71
3.49
3.37
3.42
3.25
3.16
2.85
2.77
2.53
Bitlis
353 988
6.01
5.03
3.80
3.71
3.52
3.49
3.44
3.47
3.40
3.30
3.23
3.07
2.90
2.70
2.65
2.48
Hakkâri
275 333
6.69
3.35
3.18
3.14
2.99
3.01
3.03
2.76
2.60
2.56
2.42
2.35
2.16
2.05
1.99
Southeast Anatolia
9 305 910
3.59
3.57
3.48
3.53
3.48
3.63
3.52
3.38
3.36
3.23
3.02
2.84
2.86
2.71
Gaziantep
2 154 051
3.83
3.15
3.07
3.04
3.15
3.17
3.28
3.19
3.06
2.93
2.85
2.62
2.47
2.48
2.39
Adıyaman
635 169
3.66
2.76
2.79
2.77
2.79
2.75
2.90
2.87
2.78
2.79
2.69
2.56
2.36
2.36
2.24
Kilis
147 919
3.54
2.93
3.01
2.83
2.99
2.96
3.13
3.03
2.87
2.83
2.75
2.55
2.48
2.47
2.34
Şanlıurfa
2 170 110
4.83
4.57
4.58
4.46
4.47
4.41
4.57
4.42
4.35
4.33
4.15
3.90
3.71
3.82
3.59
Diyarbakır
1 804 880
4.51
3.23
3.24
3.19
3.23
3.16
3.30
3.22
3.13
3.13
2.97
2.79
2.54
2.54
2.42
Mardin
870 374
4.98
3.46
3.53
3.35
3.46
3.33
3.55
3.46
3.26
3.28
3.15
3.00
2.76
2.79
2.62
Batman
634 491
5.27
3.70
3.64
3.43
3.42
3.34
3.41
3.25
3.11
3.08
2.90
2.72
2.55
2.57
2.39
Şırnak
557 605
7.06
4.69
4.51
4.26
4.21
4.19
4.27
4.09
3.51
3.76
3.63
3.39
3.23
3.19
2.94
Siirt
331 311
6.05
4.23
4.12
3.96
3.85
3.70
3.89
3.56
3.47
3.33
3.18
2.93
2.88
2.71
2.47
Structure of the population
Structure of the population
Structure of the population (31.XII.2015) (Data based on Address Based Population Registration System.):[22] [23] [24]
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
Total
39,511,191
39,229,862
78,741,053
100
0–4
3,275,520
3,105,996
6,381,516
8.10
5–9
3,252,811
3,084,908
6,337,719
8.05
10–14
3,166,860
3,000,125
6,166,985
7.83
15–19
3,382,363
3,203,137
6,585,500
8.36
20–24
3,224,168
3,089,999
6,314,167
8.02
25–29
3,178,350
3,084,899
6,263,249
7.95
30–34
3,252,171
3,175,879
6,428,150
8.16
35–39
3,134,041
3,069,282
6,203,323
7.88
40–44
2,788,425
2,764,155
5,552,580
7.05
45–49
2,337,087
2,252,992
4,590,079
5.83
50–54
2,317,534
2,315,375
4,632,909
5.88
55–59
1,843,354
1,837,816
3,681,170
4.68
60–64
1,515,065
1,593,402
3,108,467
3.95
65–69
1,100,734
1,255,651
2,356,385
2.99
70–74
737,892
888,292
1,626,184
2.07
75–79
501,411
682,335
1,183,746
1.50
80–84
339,904
470,584
810,488
1.03
85–89
128,879
261,571
390,450
0.50
90+
34,622
93,364
127,986
0.16
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9,695,191
9,191,029
18,886,220
23.99
15–64
26,972,558
26,387,036
53,359,594
67.77
65+
2,843,442
3,651,797
6,495,239
8.25
Structure of the population (31.XII.2016):
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
Total
40,043,650
39,771,221
79,814,871
100
0–4
3,314,542
3,144,753
6,459,295
8.09
5–9
3,253,345
3,084,099
6,337,444
7.94
10–14
3,147,133
2,981,910
6,129,043
7.68
15–19
3,400,443
3,222,876
6,623,319
8.30
20–24
3,247,764
3,117,959
6,365,723
7.98
25–29
3,169,360
3,076,681
6,246,041
7.83
30–34
3,196,645
3,113,766
6,310,411
7.91
35–39
3,275,175
3,219,158
6,494,333
8.14
40–44
2,833,655
2,800,662
5,634,317
7.06
45–49
2,412,875
2,335,639
4,748,514
5.95
50–54
2,381,640
2,374,604
4,756,244
5.96
55–59
1,855,171
1,860,565
3,715,736
4.66
60–64
1,636,510
1,706,438
3,342,948
4.19
65–69
1,132,464
1,280,073
2,412,537
3.02
70–74
763,121
917,371
1,680,492
2.11
75–79
512,607
689,443
1,202,050
1.51
80–84
336,206
473,119
809,325
1.01
85–89
136,238
265,520
401,758
0.50
90+
38,756
106,585
145,341
0.18
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9,715,020
9,210,762
18,925,782
23.71
15–64
27,409,238
26,828,348
54,237,586
67.95
65+
2,919,392
3,732,111
6,651,503
8.33
Structure of the population (31.XII.2017):
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
Total
40 535 135
40 275 390
80 810 525
100
0–4
3 326 591
3 155 258
6 481 849
8.02
5–9
3 254 177
3 086 592
6 340 769
7.85
10–14
3 188 333
3 022 537
6 210 870
7.69
15–19
3 351 043
3 175 544
6 526 587
8.08
20–24
3 294 336
3 162 174
6 456 510
7.99
25–29
3 163 889
3 067 653
6 231 542
7.71
30–34
3 189 075
3 107 849
6 296 924
7.79
35–39
3 308 413
3 252 283
6 560 696
8.12
40–44
2 891 799
2 849 020
5 740 819
7.10
45–49
2 556 364
2 498 790
5 055 154
6.26
50–54
2 349 139
2 326 316
4 675 455
5.79
55–59
1 977 328
1 989 399
3 966 727
4.91
60–64
1 651 215
1 720 023
3 371 238
4.17
65–69
1 188 986
1 322 918
2 511 904
3.11
70–74
784 614
952 653
1 737 267
2.15
75–79
533 757
715 428
1 249 185
1.55
80–84
330 240
471 436
801 676
0.99
85–89
152 317
282 516
434 833
0.54
90+
43 519
117 001
160 520
0.20
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9 769 101
9 264 387
19 033 488
23.55
15–64
27 732 601
27 149 051
54 881 652
67.91
65+
3 033 433
3 861 952
6 895 385
8.53
Structure of the population (31.XII.2018):
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
Total
41 139 980
40 863 902
82 003 882
100
0–4
3 327 780
3 157 206
6 484 986
7.91%
5–9
3 264 608
3 094 412
6 358 920
7.75%
10–14
3 254 277
3 086 146
6 340 423
7.73%
15–19
3 299 449
3 124 818
6 424 267
7.83%
20–24
3 347 297
3 199 832
6 547 129
7.98%
25–29
3 190 023
3 086 446
6 276 469
7.65%
30–34
3 205 205
3 127 948
6 333 153
7.72%
35–39
3 316 603
3 259 469
6 576 072
8.02%
40–44
2 953 329
2 892 697
5 846 026
7.13%
45–49
2 670 183
2 640 524
5 310 707
6.48%
50–54
2 372 182
2 329 142
4 701 324
5.73%
55–59
2 076 882
2 095 459
4 172 341
5.09%
60–64
1 692 130
1 753 731
3 445 861
4.20%
65–69
1 245 979
1 366 228
2 612 207
3.19%
70–74
835 353
1 021 569
1 856 922
2.26%
75–79
539 825
722 725
1 262 550
1.54%
80–84
318 882
474 854
793 736
0.97%
85–89
182 957
302 957
485 914
0.59%
90+
47 136
127 739
174 875
0.21%
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9 846 565
9 337 764
19 184 329
23.39%
15–64
28 123 283
27 510 066
55 633 349
67.84%
65+
3 170 132
4 016 072
7 186 204
8.76%
Structure of the population (31.XII.2019):
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
Total
41 721 136
41 433 861
83 154 997
100
0–4
3 254 719
3 090 417
6 345 136
7.63%
5–9
3 316 621
3 144 418
6 461 039
7.77%
10–14
3 288 207
3 117 963
6 406 170
7.70%
15–19
3 254 891
3 076 703
6 331 594
7.61%
20–24
3 392 374
3 231 704
6 624 078
7.97%
25–29
3 240 657
3 126 654
6 367 311
7.66%
30–34
3 221 381
3 141 636
6 363 017
7.65%
35–39
3 324 759
3 260 084
6 584 843
7.92%
40–44
3 016 898
2 950 486
5 967 384
7.18%
45–49
2 772 838
2 760 721
5 533 559
6.65%
50–54
2 367 577
2 307 796
4 675 373
5.62%
55–59
2 178 454
2 211 543
4 389 997
5.28%
60–64
1 754 500
1 800 269
3 554 769
4.27%
65–69
1 301 371
1 421 301
2 722 672
3.27%
70–74
907 850
1 109 063
2 016 913
2.43%
75–79
560 695
747 604
1 308 299
1.57%
80–84
323 732
493 998
817 730
0.98%
85–89
192 938
304 472
497 410
0.60%
90+
50 674
137 029
187 703
0.23%
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9 859 547
9 352 798
19 212 345
23.10%
15–64
28 524 329
27 867 596
56 391 925
67.82%
65+
3 337 260
4 213 467
7 550 727
9.08%
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2020):[25]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
41 915 985
41 698 377
83 614 362
100
0–4
3 140 172
2 981 535
6 121 707
7.32
5–9
3 349 253
3 177 340
6 526 593
7.81
10–14
3 294 985
3 124 952
6 419 937
7.68
15–19
3 201 588
3 028 526
6 230 114
7.45
20–24
3 408 434
3 255 202
6 663 636
7.97
25–29
3 240 543
3 130 411
6 370 954
7.62
30–34
3 199 710
3 119 184
6 318 894
7.56
35–39
3 270 512
3 203 071
6 473 583
7.74
40–44
3 145 645
3 089 465
6 235 110
7.46
45–49
2 788 035
2 775 631
5 563 666
6.65
50–54
2 325 190
2 259 442
4 584 632
5.48
55–59
2 273 088
2 304 499
4 577 587
5.47
60–64
1 764 938
1 809 456
3 574 394
4.27
65–69
1 399 052
1 539 663
2 938 715
3.51
70–74
960 742
1 170 963
2 131 705
2.55
75–79
583 671
771 675
1 355 346
1.62
80–84
339 767
521 432
861 199
1.03
85–89
177 532
289 216
466 748
0.56
90+
53 128
146 714
199 842
0.24
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9 784 410
9 283 827
19 068 237
22.80
15–64
28 617 683
27 974 887
56 592 570
67.68
65+
3 513 892
4 439 663
7 953 555
9.51
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2021):[25]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
42 428 101
42 252 172
84 680 273
100
0–4
3 033 029
2 880 580
5 913 609
6.98
5–9
3 398 812
3 225 390
6 624 202
7.82
10–14
3 304 851
3 133 301
6 438 152
7.60
15–19
3 203 519
3 026 190
6 229 709
7.36
20–24
3 445 410
3 296 170
6 741 580
7.96
25–29
3 296 919
3 179 980
6 476 899
7.65
30–34
3 212 668
3 129 119
6 341 787
7.49
35–39
3 228 063
3 158 145
6 386 208
7.54
40–44
3 294 071
3 253 091
6 547 162
7.73
45–49
2 838 766
2 823 495
5 662 261
6.69
50–54
2 403 726
2 350 758
4 754 484
5.61
55–59
2 337 304
2 369 876
4 707 180
5.56
60–64
1 776 254
1 835 662
3 611 916
4.27
65–69
1 508 990
1 647 458
3 156 448
3.73
70–74
982 573
1 192 451
2 175 024
2.57
75–79
598 307
794 411
1 392 718
1.64
80–84
340 568
520 841
861 409
1.02
85–89
169 807
286 741
456 548
0.54
90+
54 464
148 513
202 977
0.24
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9 736 692
9 239 271
18 975 963
22.41
15–64
29 036 700
28 422 486
57 459 186
67.85
65+
3 654 709
4 590 415
8 245 124
9.74
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2022):[25]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
42 704 112
42 575 441
85 279 553
100
0–4
2 904 379
2 759 241
5 663 620
6.64
5–9
3 404 972
3 230 105
6 635 077
7.78
10–14
3 303 371
3 133 043
6 436 414
7.55
15–19
3 244 500
3 070 609
6 315 109
7.41
20–24
3 388 724
3 245 984
6 634 708
7.78
25–29
3 334 439
3 218 730
6 553 169
7.68
30–34
3 199 028
3 116 019
6 315 047
7.41
35–39
3 215 451
3 151 290
6 366 741
7.47
40–44
3 321 873
3 284 156
6 606 029
7.75
45–49
2 893 831
2 869 703
5 763 534
6.76
50–54
2 543 588
2 511 036
5 054 624
5.93
55–59
2 305 846
2 321 295
4 627 141
5.53
60–64
1 893 862
1 962 809
3 856 671
4.52
65–69
1 523 412
1 661 877
3 185 289
3.74
70–74
1 031 897
1 232 222
2 264 119
2.65
75–79
617 021
827 777
1 444 798
1.69
80–84
353 290
540 167
893 457
1.05
85–89
165 676
284 407
450 083
0.53
90+
58 952
154 971
213 923
0.25
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9 612 722
9 122 389
18 735 111
21.97
15–64
29 341 142
28 751 631
58 092 773
68.12
65+
3 750 248
4 701 421
8 451 669
9.91
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2023):[25]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
42 734 071
42 638 306
85 372 377
100
0–4
2 741 873
2 606 181
5 348 054
6.26
5–9
3 368 825
3 197 661
6 566 486
7.69
10–14
3 283 764
3 113 329
6 397 093
7.49
15–19
3 283 511
3 113 008
6 396 519
7.49
20–24
3 317 007
3 158 513
6 475 520
7.59
25–29
3 330 851
3 212 210
6 543 061
7.66
30–34
3 172 482
3 094 683
6 267 165
7.34
35–39
3 190 762
3 138 484
6 329 246
7.41
40–44
3 298 682
3 265 956
6 564 638
7.69
45–49
2 932 767
2 894 024
5 826 791
6.83
50–54
2 637 680
2 634 986
5 272 666
6.18
55–59
2 315 313
2 311 209
4 626 522
5.42
60–64
1 980 198
2 055 612
4 035 810
4.73
65–69
1 554 059
1 686 354
3 240 413
3.80
70–74
1 077 788
1 267 553
2 345 341
2.75
75–79
656 329
886 599
1 542 928
1.81
80–84
357 820
546 603
904 423
1.06
85–89
163 397
288 413
451 810
0.53
90+
70 963
166 928
237 891
0.28
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
9 394 462
8 917 171
18 311 633
21.45
15–64
29 459 253
28 878 685
58 337 938
68.33
65+
3 880 356
4 842 450
8 722 806
10.22
Immigration
Immigration to Turkey is the process by which people migrate to Turkey to reside in the country. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and following Turkish War of Independence , an exodus by the large portion of Turkish (Turkic ) and Muslim peoples from the Balkans (Balkan Turks , Albanians , Bosniaks , Pomaks ), Caucasus (Abkhazians , Ajarians , Circassians , Chechens ), Crimea (Crimean Tatar diaspora ), and Crete (Cretan Turks ) took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country's fundamental features. Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day, although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements — Turkey, for example, receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia , the Moldova , Georgia , Iran , and Azerbaijan , but also from Central Asia , Ukraine and Russia . Turkey's migrant crisis during the 2010s saw high numbers of people arriving in Turkey, particularly those fleeing the Syrian civil war .
As of August 2023, the number of refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey was estimated to be 3,307,882 people. The number of Syrians had decreased by 205,894 people since the beginning of the year.[26] In 2022, nearly 100 000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021.[27]
In order to obtain Turkish citizenship there is a range of legal grounds, which can include: reunification with their family, marriage to a Turkish citizen, for the purchase of real estate worth $400,000 from a Turkish citizen or company.[28] The minimum investment amount was increased in May 2022, previously it was enough to invest $250,000. Also the basis is to work in Turkey, training, business, medical treatment, refugee status.
In 2023 the foreign population of Türkiye decreased by 253,293 down to 1,570,543.[29]
Population in Turkey by country of citizenship by the end of each years:[25]
Country
2022
2021
2020
Total people living in Turkey
85 279 553
84 680 273
83 614 362
Turkey
83 455 717 (97.86%)
82 888 237 (97.88%)
82 280 952 (98.41%)
Total foreign population
1 823 836 (2.14%)
1 792 036 (2.12%)
1 333 410 (1.59%)
Iraq
275 305 (0.32%)
322 015 (0.38%)
281 074 (0.34%)
Afghanistan
186 160 (0.22%)
183 567 (0.22%)
158 252 (0.19%)
Russian Federation
151 049 (0.18%)
66 786 (0.08%)
43 679 (0.05%)
Iran
117 026 (0.14%)
128 883 (0.15%)
68 561 (0.08%)
Turkmenistan
116 447 (0.14%)
123 965 (0.15%)
91 218 (0.11%)
Germany
110 453 (0.13%)
102 592 (0.12%)
92 284 (0.11%)
Syria
99 360 (0.12%)
104 554 (0.12%)
88 907 (0.11%)
Azerbaijan
68 884 (0.08%)
68 562(0.08%)
48 495 (0.06%)
Uzbekistan
61 754 (0.07%)
71 145 (0.08%)
36 510 (0.04%)
Ukraine
50 357 (0.06%)
23 377 (0.03%)
17 505 (0.02%)
Kazakhstan
45 530 (0.05%)
39 454 (0.05%)
23 645 (0.03%)
Egypt
33 040 (0.04%)
34 162 (0.04%)
25 475 (0.03%)
Palestine
26 278 (0.03%)
28 027 (0.03%)
17 915 (0.02%)
Kyrgyzstan
24 485 (0.03%)
26 541 (0.03%)
18 019 (0.02%)
Jordan
22 733 (0.03%)
23 656 (0.03%)
14 260 (0.02%)
Libya
21 677 (0.03%)
24 188 (0.03%)
18 607 (0.02%)
Austria
21 311 (0.02%)
19 900 (0.02%)
18 047 (0.02%)
Somalia
20 906 (0.02%)
28 081 (0.03%)
17 245 (0.02%)
Yemen
19 099 (0.02%)
18 094 (0.02%)
14 927 (0.02%)
Morocco
18 482 (0.02%)
20 520 (0.02%)
12 122 (0.01%)
United Kingdom
17 193 (0.02%)
16 440 (0.02%)
13 985 (0.02%)
China
16 880 (0.02%)
20 486 (0.02%)
18 740 (0.02%)
Bulgaria
16 612 (0.02%)
15 426 (0.02%)
14 195 (0.02%)
Pakistan
16 505 (0.02%)
17 290 (0.02%)
7 248 (0.01%)
Georgia
14 680 (0.02%)
19 276 (0.02%)
15 661 (0.02%)
Greece
13 583 (0.02%)
12 569 (0.01%)
12 137 (0.01%)
Nigeria
12 928 (0.02%)
12 920 (0.02%)
7 120 (0.01%)
United States
12 793 (0.02%)
12 773 (0.02%)
9 032 (0.01%)
Lebanon
12 430 (0.01%)
13 242 (0.02%)
5 943 (0.01%)
Algeria
12 248 (0.01%)
10 698 (0.01%)
5 914 (0.01%)
Sudan
11 613 (0.01%)
9 538 (0.01%)
3 193 (<0.01%)
Indonesia
11 280 (0.01%)
10 219 (0.01%)
5 226 (0.01%)
Netherlands
8 104 (0.01%)
7 686 (0.01%)
6 550 (0.01%)
Tajikistan
7 153 (0.01%)
7 965 (0.01%)
3 626 (<0.01%)
Moldova
6 790 (0.01%)
7 546 (0.01%)
6 295 (0.01%)
Kuwait
6 190 (0.01%)
5 498 (0.01%)
3 559 (<0.01%)
Ethiopia
6 165 (0.01%)
6 633 (0.01%)
2 936 (<0.01%)
Tunisia
6 075 (0.01%)
6 033 (0.01%)
2 961 (<0.01%)
Belarus
5 169 (0.01%)
3 873 (<0.01%)
India
4 669 (0.01%)
3 092 (<0.01%)
France
4 526 (0.01%)
4 294 (0.01%)
3 181 (<0.01%)
Internal migration
Place of origin (rows) versus place of residence (columns) for Turkish citizens in 2014[30]
Regions
İstanbul
West Marmara
Aegean
East Marmara
West Anatolia
Mediterranean
Central Anatolia
West Black Sea
East Black Sea
Northeast Anatolia
Central East Anatolia
Southeast Anatolia
Total Population
İstanbul
2,162,588
79,009
72,123
84,689
38,802
38,673
4,858
11,976
9,147
3,533
3,667
4,754
2,513,819
West Marmara
523,725
2,378,938
187,256
135,364
44,409
27,376
5,140
10,238
4,513
5,273
7,110
8,861
3,338,203
Aegean
297,143
76,518
7,047,801
210,522
134,073
166,785
16,606
22,252
10,354
14,936
20,388
28,224
8,045,602
East Marmara
520,698
67,299
131,586
4,317,877
187,043
61,782
10,715
33.371
10,701
8,074
9,775
12,286
5,371,207
West Anatolia
272,835
35,919
259,387
127,794
3,721,634
192,934
49,942
29,545
8,468
10,360
13,727
20,850
4,743,395
Mediterranean
470,673
53,295
250,529
111,393
228,398
7,329,964
100,729
32,461
16,963
21,667
46,013
181,874
8,843,959
Central Anatolia
1,346,007
92,421
297,114
235,407
1,223,857
305,343
3,466,971
70,729
16,604
20,204
32,153
36,818
7,143,628
West Black Sea
2,637,016
186,103
252,628
458,730
956,151
133,053
54,578
3,982,185
42,935
18,878
21,757
27,735
8,771,749
East Black Sea
1,918,805
96,494
152,843
529,110
241,801
70,823
19,104
198,869
2,382,704
33,854
11,852
13,140
5,669,399
Northeast Anatolia
1,580,876
120,086
504,588
593,882
344,929
101,600
63,029
34,656
32,761
2,009,253
39,921
20,576
5,446,157
Central East Anatolia
1,293,157
86,315
359,161
299,390
167,451
393,102
31,612
22,064
11,070
31,709
3,438,577
133,862
6,267,470
Southeast Anatolia
1,197,959
65,538
445,279
174,765
156,489
1,002,771
33,876
23,666
11,689
22,036
150,028
7,738,941
11,023,037
Total population
14,221,482
3,337,935
9,960,295
7,278,923
7,445,037
9,824,206
3,857,160
4,472,012
2,557,909
2,199,777
3,794,968
8,227,921
77,177,625
Ethnicity
Modern Turkey was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as secular (Laiklik , Turkish adaptation of French Laïcité ), i.e. without a state religion , or separate ethnic divisions/ identities. The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) and thence strictly limited to Greeks , Jews and Armenians , only based on religious affiliation, excluding from the scope of the concept the ethnic identities of these minorities as of others such as the Kurds who make up 15% of the country; others include Assyrians/Syriacs of various Christian denominations, Alevis and all the others.[31] [32] [33] [34] Provisions of the Lausanne Treaty were extended to Bulgarians in Turkey by the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve Bulgaristan Arasındaki Dostluk Antlaşması ) of 18 October 1925.[33] [35] [36] [37] According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey) , as of 2008, there were 89,000 Turkish citizens belonging to one of the three recognized minorities, two thirds of Armenian descent.[38] On 18 June 2013, the Ankara 13th Circuit Administrative Court unanimously ruled that the Assyrians were included as beneficiaries of the Lausanne Treaty,[39] so that Assyrians were allowed to open the first school teaching in their mother tongue.[40] [41]
The word Turk or Turkish also has a wider meaning in a historical context because, at times, especially in the past, it has been used to refer to all Muslim inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire irrespective of their ethnicity.[42]
According to the 2016 edition of the CIA World Factbook, 70–75% of Turkey's population consists of ethnic Turks, with Kurds accounting for 19% and other minorities between 6 and 11%.[43]
According to Milliyet , a 2008 report prepared for the National Security Council of Turkey by academics of three Turkish universities in eastern Anatolia suggested that there are approximately 55 million ethnic Turks, 9.6 million Kurds , 3 million Zazas , 2.5 million Circassians , 2 million Bosniaks , 500,000–1.3 million Albanians , 1,000,000 Georgians , 870,000 Arabs , 600,000 Pomaks , 80,000 Laz , 60,000 Armenians , 30,000 British , 25,000 Assyrians/Syriacs , 20,000 Jews , and 15,000 Greeks , 500 Yazidis living in Turkey.[44]
According to a survey published in 2022 by Konda Research, Turks make up 77% of the population, while 19% self-identify as Kurd. Arabs (Syrian refugees excluded) make up 2%, and other ethnic groups are 2% of the population.[45]
Since the immigration to the big cities in the west of Turkey, interethnic marriage has become more common. A recent study estimates that there are 2,708,000 marriages between Turks and Kurds.[46]
According to a survey done in March 2020 by Area Araştırma, 20.4% of the total population of Turkey claim to be Kurdish (either Kurmanji speaking or Zazaki speaking).
Ethnolinguistic estimates in 2014 by Ethnologue and Jacques Leclerc :[47] [48] [49]
People
Population
Percentage
Language
Status
Anatolian Turks
53,402,000
70.6%
Turkish
1 (National)
Kurmanji Kurds
8,127,000
10.7%
Kurmanji
3 (Wider communication)
Turcophones, Kurds
5,881,000
7.7%
Turkish
1 (National)
Zaza
1,155,000
1.5%
Zaza
5 (Developing)
Arabs
1,133,000
1.4%
Levantine Arabic
Kabardians , Circassians
1,062,000
1.4 %
Kabardian
5 (Developing)
Iraqi Arabs
722,000
0.9%
Mesopotamian Arabic
6a (Vigorous)
Azerbaijani
540,000
0.7%
Azerbaijani
5 (Developing)
Romani
500,000 (1985)
0.7%
Romani , Domari
Gagauzes
418,000
0.5%
Balkan Gagauz Turkish
7 (Shifting)
Pomaks
351,000
0.4%
Bulgarian
5 (Dispersed)
Pontic Greeks
321,000
0.4%
Pontic Greek
6a (Vigorous)
Adyghe , Circassians
316,000
0.4%
Adyghe
5 (Developing)
Alevi Kurds
184,000
0.2%
Zazaki
Georgians
151,000
0,1 %
Georgian
6b (Threatened)
Bosniaks
101,000
0.1%
Bosnian
Chechens
101,000
0.1%
Chechen
Crimean Tatars
100,000
0.1%
Crimean Tatar
5 (Developing)
Lazi
93,000
0.1%
Laz language
6b (Threatened)
Karakalpaks
74,000
Karakalpak
Albanians
66,000
Tosk Albanian
6b (Threatened)
Armenians
61,000
Armenian
6b (Threatened)
Abkhazians
44,000
Abkhazian
6b (Threatened)
Han Chinese
38,000
Chinese
Ossetians
37,000
Ossetian
British
35,000
English
Bulgarians
32,000
Bulgarian
Jews
30,000
Turkish , Ladino
7 (Shifting)
Tatars
26,000
Tatar
Assyrians
25,000
Aramaic
22,000
Urdu
Assyrians
15,000
Turoyo
6b (Threatened)
Turks other (Hemshin , Meskhetian Turks , Gajal )
57,000
Turkish
Kurds other (Herki and Shikaki)
62,000
Kurdish
Other
180,000
Total
75,566,800
Languages
No exact data is available concerning the different ethnic groups in Turkey. The last census data according to language date from 1965 and major changes may have occurred since then. However, it is clear that the Turkish are in the majority, while the largest minority groups are Kurds and Arabs . Smaller minorities are the Armenians , Greeks and others.
Population of Turkey according to language
Language
Census 1935[50]
Census 1945[51]
Census 1965[51]
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Turkish
13,828,000
86.02
16,598,037
88.3
28,175,579
90.2
Kurdish
1,480,246
9.16
1,476,562
7.9
2,108,721
6.9
Zazaki
147,707
0.5
Arabic
153,687
0.95
247,294
1.3
368,971
1.2
Greek
108,725
0.67
88,680
0.5
49,143
0.2
Circassian
91,972
0.57
66,691
0.4
57,337
0.2
Ladino
79,000
0.49
51,019
0.3
9,124
0.0
Armenian
57,599
0.36
47,728
0.3
32,484
0.1
Laz
63,253
0.39
39,323
0.3
27,715
0.1
Georgian
57,325
0.35
40,076
0.2
32,334
0.1
Abaza
10,099
0.06
8,602
0.0
10,643
0.0
Total
16,157,450
18,790,174
31,391,207
A possible list of ethnic groups living in Turkey could be as follows:[52]
Turkic-speaking peoples: Turks , Azerbaijanis , Tatars , Karachays , Uzbeks , Crimean Tatars and Uyghurs
Indo-European-speaking peoples: Kurds , Zazas ,[53] Megleno-Romanians ,[49] Bosniaks , Albanians , Pomaks , Ossetians , Armenians , Hamshenis , Goranis and Greeks
Semitic-speaking peoples: Arabs , Jews and Assyrians/Syriacs
Caucasian-speaking peoples: Circassians , Georgians , Lazs and Chechens
Religion
Religious affiliation
Muslim and non-Muslim population in Turkey, 1914–2005 (in thousands)[54]
Year
1914
1927
1945
1965
1990
2005
Muslims
12,941
13,290
18,511
31,139
56,860
71,997
Greeks
1,549
110
104
76
8
3
Armenians
1,204
77
60
64
67
50
Jews
128
82
77
38
29
27
Others
176
71
38
74
50
45
Total
15,997
13,630
18,790
31,391
57,005
72,120
Percentage non-Muslim
19.1
2.5
1.5
0.8
0.3
0.2
The percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey fell from 19.1% in 1914 to 2.5% percent in 1927.[54] The drop was the result of the late Ottoman genocides , the population exchange between Greece and Turkey [55] and the emigration of Christians .[56] The 1942 Wealth Tax on non-Muslims, the emigration of many of Turkish Jews to Israel after 1948, and the 1955 Istanbul pogrom further contributed to the decline of Turkey's non-Muslim population.
There are no official statistics of people's religious beliefs nor is it asked in the census. According to the government, 99.8% of the Turkish population is Muslim , mostly Sunni , some 8 million are Alevis .[57] The remaining 0.2% is other - mostly Christians and Jews.[11] However, these are based on the existing religion information written on every citizen's national id card, that is automatically passed on from the parents to every newborn, and do not necessarily represent individual choice. Religious records can be changed or even blanked on the request of citizen, by filing an e-government application since May 2020, using a valid electronic signature to sign the electronic application. Any change in religion records additionally results in a new ID card being issued. Any change in religion record also leaves a permanent trail in the census record, however, record of change of religion is not accessible except for the citizen in question, next-of-kins of the citizen in question, the citizenship administration and courts.[58]
In a poll conducted by Sabancı University in 2006, 98.3% of Turks revealed they were Muslim.[59] A Eurobarometer Poll in 2005 reported that in a poll 98% of Turkish citizens answered that "they believe there is a God", while 1% responded that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force".[60] In a Pew Research Center survey, 53% of Turkey's Muslims said that "religion is very important in their lives".[61] Based on the Gallup Poll 2006–08, Turkey was defined as More religious , in which over 63 percent of people believe religion is important.[62] [63] According to the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation , 62% of women wear the headscarf or hijab in Turkey.[64] [65] [66]
A poll conducted by Eurobarometer and KONDA and some other research institutes in 2013 showed that around 0.5% of the population had no religion. Another poll conducted by the same institutions in 2018 showed that 3% of those interviewed had no religion.[67] [68]
According to Ipsos survey,[69] in 2016 Islam was the major religion in Turkey comprising 82% of the total population, followed by religiously unaffiliated people, comprising 13% of the population, and Christians , forming 0.2%.
Religiosity
The vast majority of the present-day Turkish people are Muslim and the most popular sect is the Hanafite school of Sunni Islam , which was officially espoused by the Ottoman Empire ; according to the KONDA Research and Consultancy survey carried out throughout Turkey on 2007:[70] [57] [71]
52.8% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations " (Religious)
34.3 % defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
9.7% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
2.3% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
0.9% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
In 2018 KONDA released a new study:[72] [73]
51% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations " (Religious)
34% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
10% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
2% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
3% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old:[74]
43% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations " (Religious)
45% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
5% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
4% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
4% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).
There is concern over the future of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, which suffers from a lack of trained clergy due to the closure of the Halki school. The state does not recognise the Ecumenical status of the Patriarch of Constantinople .[75]
See also
References
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Notes
External links
Sovereign states States with limited recognition Dependencies and other entities Other entities