"Turkey elections" redirects here. For elections where an undesirable "turkey" candidate is elected, see Turkey-raising. For elections where a literal turkey has been elected, see non-human electoral candidate.
The presidential elections are held every five years. The president is elected for a term of office of five years and is eligible for one re-election. There is an exception when a president's second term ends prematurely through a decision of the Parliament. In this case, the president can be re-elected for a third term.
To put forward a referendum regarding constitutional amendments, a supermajority (three fifths of the votes) in the parliament is required first. These kinds of referendums are binding.
The constitutional referendum of 2017 enhanced the powers of the president, and since 2018, the focus has shifted from parliamentary to the presidential elections.[1]
The Turkish administrative system defines three different district types for local elections: villages, cities and metropolitan cities. The difference between cities and metropolitan cities derives from the size of the population. Cities with more than 750,000 residents are labeled as metropolitan cities while the rest are simply called cities. There are 31 metropolitan cities and 50 cities across Turkey, and voters in both will have a total of four votes. Citizens have the opportunity to vote for the following offices, depending on the type of area they reside:[3]
If too many seats become vacant in the parliament or if elections in a district is not properly conducted, then a by-election is required to take place.
The voter turnout for the average of 18 parliamentary election is 81.4%; of the local elections is 78.7% and of the referendums is 83.1%. Turkey relatively has a high voter turnout rate comparing to modern democracies. The participation rate in Turkey is also higher than the participation rates in countries where compulsory voting is loosely applied. With the exception of 1960–1970, voter turnout rate in Turkey is above the world average from 1950 to the present in Turkey.[4]
Voter turnout at parliamentary elections [1950-2023]
^Carkoglu, Ali (2022). "Chapter 21: Election Law in Turkey". In Schultz, Toplak (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Election Law. Routledge. pp. 247–256. ISBN9781138393363.
