Revelation 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the ChristianBible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle,[1][2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.[3] In this chapter, the next two angels' trumpets are sounded, following the sounding of the first four trumpets in chapter 8.[4] These two trumpets and the final trumpet, sounded in chapter 11, are sometimes called the "woe trumpets".[5]
"The key to the bottomless pit" (Biblical Greek: ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου, romanized: hē kleis tou phreatos tēs abyssou) is translated as "the key to the shaft of the Abyss" in the New International Version.
Verse 3
Then out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth. And to them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.[11]
These locusts are 'a demonized version of the army of locusts in Joel 2:1–11'.[12]
Verse 4
They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree[13]
Early Methodist theologian Joseph Benson says that this instruction "demonstrates that they were not natural but symbolical locusts."[14]
And they had as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, but in Greek he has the name Apollyon.[15][16]
The Vulgate adds a Latin equivalent, latine habens nomen Exterminans, which the Wycliffe Bible explains as "Destroyer". The latter also describes the angel as "the angel of deepness".[17]
The Sixth Trumpet (9:12–21)
Verse 16
Now the number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them.[18]
^Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN0802823882.
^Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN0781442281.
^F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
^Barnes, A., Barnes' Notes on Revelation 9, accessed 29 October 2018
^Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual
Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
^Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
^Lowman, M., Paraphrase and Notes upon the Revelation of St. John (1737, 1745; 1791, 1807), quoted by Joseph Benson in Benson Commentary on Revelation 9, accessed 31 October 2018
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