DNA

Bygnaðurin av einum petti av DNA.

DNA ella DNS er stytting fyri deoksyribonukleinsýra (sýra = acid á enskum). DNA er ein nukleinsýra sum goymir arvfrøðiligu leiðbeiningarnar fyri menningina av eini kyknu ella virusi. DNA er ein long røð av nukleotidum sum stýra raðfylgjuni av aminosýrum í proteinum ígjøgnum arvfrøðiligu koduna.

DNA er, sum sagt, ein røð av nukleotidum. Hvør nukleotid inniheldur ein nukleinbasa, ein sukurbólk (2'-deoxyribosa) og ein phosphatbólk. Nukleinbasin kann vera adenin (A), guanin (G), sytosin (C) ella thymin (T).

DNA er uppbygt sum ein dupultur snyril (spiralur), við eini breiðari kloyvu og eini smalari.

DNA verður margfaldað í eini prosess nevnd replikatión, avritað til RNA í eini prosess nevnd transskriptión, og síðani verða protein framleidd út frá RNA í eini prosess nevnd translatión.

Keldur

Watson, J., Crick, F. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Nature 171, 737–738 (1953). DOI

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