RNA
RNA er stytting fyri ribonukleinsýra (sýra = acid á enskum). RNA er, eins og DNA, samansett av nukleotidum við hvør sínum nukleobasa. Men har DNA hevur nukleobasan thymin (T), hevur RNA nukleobasan uracil (U). Eisini er sukureindin í hvørjum nukleotid ribosa í staðin fyri, sum í DNA, 2'-deoxyribosa.
RNA hevur ymisk størv í kyknuni. tRNA (transfer RNA) flytur aminosýrur til proteinsyntesuna á ribosomunum. mRNA (messenger RNA) verður nýtt til at flyta upplýsingar frá DNA til ribosomini. Eisini hava vit rRNA (ribosom RNA), sum ribosomini eru samansett av.
DNA verður avritað til RNA í eini prosess nevnd transskriptión, og síðani verða proteinir framleidd út frá RNA í eini prosess nevnd translatión.
Vanliga verður DNA nýtt til goymslu av arvfrøðiliga tilfarinum, men nøkur virus nýta í staðin RNA.
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