Nitramid

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| Nazivi | |||
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| IUPAC naziv
Nitramid
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| Sistemski IUPAC naziv
Azotni amid | |||
| Drugi nazivi | |||
| Identifikacija | |||
3D model (Jmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| UNII | |||
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| Svojstva | |||
| H 2N−NO 2 | |||
| Molarna masa | 62,03 g·mol−1 | ||
| Agregatno stanje | Bezbojna čvrsta supstanca [4] | ||
| Gustina | 1,378 g/cm3 | ||
| Tačka topljenja | 72 to 75 °C (162 to 167 °F; 345 to 348 K)[4] | ||
| Kiselost (pKa) | 6.5 [5] | ||
| Srodna jedinjenja | |||
Srodna jedinjenja
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Ukoliko nije drugačije napomenuto, podaci se odnose na standardno stanje materijala (na 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
| Reference infokutije | |||
Nitramid ili nitroamin je hemijsko jedinjenje sa molekulskom formulom H
2N−NO
2, a koje ima molekulsku masu od 62,028 Da. Supstituisani derivati R1
R2
N−NO
2 takođe se nazivaju nitramidi ili nitroamini. Organični derivati nitramida, R−NH−NO
2 i R
2N−NO
2, široko se koriste kao eksplozivi: primeri uključuju RDX i HMX. To je izomer hipoazotaste kiseline. Nitramid se može posmatrati kao azotni analog azotne kiseline (HO−NO
2), u kojoj je hidroksilna grupa −OH zamenjena amino grupom −NH
2. Nitomid to jest (Nitroamine) ne treba mešati sa nitrozaminima.[6][7]
Struktura
Molekul nitramida je u suštini amino grupa (−NH
2) vezana za nitro grupu (−NO
2). Prijavljeno je da je neplanarna u gasnoj fazi, [8] ali planarno u kristalnoj fazi. [4]
Osobine
| Osobina | Vrednost |
|---|---|
| Broj akceptora vodonika | 2 |
| Broj donora vodonika | 1 |
| Broj rotacionih veza | 0 |
| Particioni koeficijent[9] (ALogP) | 1,5 |
| Rastvorljivost[10] (logS, log(mol/L)) | -0,6 |
| Polarna površina[11] (PSA, Å2) | 71,8 |
Sinteza
Originalna sinteza nitramida koju su sproveli Thiele i Lachman uključivala je hidrolizu kalijum nitrokarbamata: [4]
Druge metode za dobijanje nitramida uključuju hidrolizu nitrokarbamične kiseline,
- O
2N−NH−CO
2H → H
2N−NO
2 + CO
2
reakciju natrijum sulfamata sa azotnom kiselinom,
i reakciju dinitrogen-pentoksida sa dva ekvivalentna amonijaka.
- N
2O
5 + 2 NH
3 → H
2N−NO
2 + [NH
4]+
NO−
3
Organski nitramidi
Takođe nazvani nitramini, organski nitramidi su važni eksplozivi. Pripremaju se nitrolizom heksametilentetramina.
Vidi još
- Nitrozamin, R2N-N=O
- Nitro jedinjenje, R-NO2
Reference
- ^ а б „Nitramide”.
- ^ Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today. 15 (23-24): 1052—7. PMID 20970519. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003.
- ^ Evan E. Bolton; Yanli Wang; Paul A. Thiessen; Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry. 4: 217—241. doi:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1.
- ^ а б в г Häußler, A.; Klapötke, T. M.; Piotrowski, H. (2002). „Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Structure of Nitramide H2NNO2” (PDF). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 57 b (2): 151—156. doi:10.1515/znb-2002-0204.
- ^ Perrin, D. D., ур. (1982) [1969]. Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution. IUPAC Chemical Data (2nd изд.). Oxford: Pergamon (објављено 1984). Entry 154. ISBN 0-08-029214-3. LCCN 82-16524.
- ^ Clayden, Jonathan; Greeves, Nick; Warren, Stuart; Wothers, Peter (2001). Organic Chemistry (I изд.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0.
- ^ Smith, Michael B.; March, Jerry (2007). Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (6th изд.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0-471-72091-7.
- ^ Tyler, J. K. (1963). „Microwave Spectrum of Nitramide”. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 11 (1–6): 39—46. Bibcode:1963JMoSp..11...39T. doi:10.1016/0022-2852(63)90004-3.
- ^ Ghose, A.K.; Viswanadhan V.N. & Wendoloski, J.J. (1998). „Prediction of Hydrophobic (Lipophilic) Properties of Small Organic Molecules Using Fragment Methods: An Analysis of AlogP and CLogP Methods”. J. Phys. Chem. A. 102: 3762—3772. doi:10.1021/jp980230o.
- ^ Tetko IV, Tanchuk VY, Kasheva TN, Villa AE (2001). „Estimation of Aqueous Solubility of Chemical Compounds Using E-State Indices”. Chem Inf. Comput. Sci.. 41: 1488—1493. PMID 11749573. doi:10.1021/ci000392t.
- ^ Ertl P.; Rohde B.; Selzer P. (2000). „Fast calculation of molecular polar surface area as a sum of fragment based contributions and its application to the prediction of drug transport properties”. J. Med. Chem.. 43: 3714—3717. PMID 11020286. doi:10.1021/jm000942e.
Literatura
- Holleman A. F.; Wiberg E. (2001). Inorganic Chemistry (1st изд.). San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3. изд.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.
Spoljašnje veze
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