Prototomus
| Prototomus (парафилетски род) | |
|---|---|
| Научна класификација | |
| Царство: | Animalia |
| Тип: | Chordata |
| Класа: | Mammalia |
| Ред: | †Hyaenodonta |
| Породица: | †Sinopidae |
| Род: | †Prototomus Cope, 1874 |
| Типска врста | |
| †Prototomus viverrinus Cope, 1874
| |
| Врсте | |
| |
| Синоними | |
|
синоними рода:
синоними врсте:
| |
Prototomus (Прототомус — „први резач”) је изумрли парафилетски род плаценталних сисара из изумрле породице Sinopidae, који је у периоду раног еоцена настањивао подручје Сјеверне Америке, Азије[7] и Европе.[8][9][10][11][12]
Етимологија назива
| Род: | Поријекло назива од: | Значење назива: |
|---|---|---|
| Prototomus | први резач[13] |
| Врсте: | Поријекло назива од: | Значење назива: |
|---|---|---|
| P. deimos | дејмосов Прототомус | |
| P. girardoti |
|
жирардотов Прототомус |
| P. martis |
|
марсов Прототомус |
| P. minimus |
|
мали Прототомус |
| P. phobos | фобосов Прототомус | |
| P. robustus |
|
снажни Прототомус |
| P. secundarius |
|
нижи Прототомус |
| P. viverrinus |
|
цибетколики Прототомус |
Опис
Врста Prototomus deimos је тежила око 0,36 kg, Prototomus viverrinus око 0,76 kg,[14] Prototomus martis од 3,38 до 4,39 kg, Prototomus phobos од 2,56 до 2,68 kg, Prototomus robustus од 5,22 до 7,13 kg, Prototomus secundarius од 2,87 до 4,76 kg,[15] Prototomus girardoti око 450 g, а Prototomus minimus око 240 g.[16] Зубна формула код врсти из овог парафилетског рода је 3.1.4.33.1.4.3.[9] Први горњи пар преткутњака (P1) има двоструки коријен, а први доњи пар преткутњака (p1) има један коријен.
врсте Prototomus robustus
Понашање и палеоекологија
Врсте из парафилетског рода Prototomus су биле мали копнени предатори који су у прошлости Сјеверне Америке и Европе настањивали плавне равнице и копнене екосистеме.
Систематика
Класификација
| Врсте: | Распрострањеност фосила и локација: |
Временски распон: |
|---|---|---|
| †P. deimos (Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)[17] | 55,0 до 54,7 мил. год. | |
| †P. girardoti (Smith & Smith, 2001)[18] | 56,0 до 55,2 мил. год. | |
| †P. martis (Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)[17] | 54,7 до 54,1 мил. год. | |
| †P. minimus (Smith & Smith, 2001)[18] | 56,0 до 55,2 мил. год. | |
| †P. phobos (Gingerich & Deutsch, 1989)[17] | 55,0 до 46,0 мил. год. | |
| †P. robustus (Matthew & Granger 1915)[19] | 54,4 до 52,4 мил. год. | |
| †P. secundarius (Cope, 1875)[20] | 53,0 до 52,4 мил. год. | |
| †P. viverrinus (Cope, 1874)[22] | 54,1 до 53,4 мил. год. |
Филогенија
Доље приказан кладограм представља филогенетске везе парафилетског рода Prototomus.[9][23][24][16][25][26][27]
| Pan-Carnivora |
|
†Eoproviverra/Tinerhodon група †Sinopa група †Galecyon група | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| афро‑арабијска група |
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| ••••••> |
Временска распрострањеност парафилетског рода Prototomus унутар породице Sinopidae

Види још
Референце
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- ^ Zack, S. P.; Rose, K. D.; O'Leary, M. A. (2025). „New cranial and postcranial remains of the once enigmatic early Eocene mammal Wyolestes (Mammalia, Ferae, Hyaenodonta) from North America and phylogenetic evidence for its interordinal relationships”. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2025 (475): 1—173. doi:10.1206/0003-0090.475.1.1
. hdl:2246/7513.
- ^ Van Valen, Leigh (1965). „Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)” (PDF). Palaeontology. 8: 638–665.
- ^ Matthew, W. D. (1901.) "Additional observations on the Creodonta." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 14: 1-38
- ^ William Diller Matthew (1899.) "A provisional classification of the fresh-water Tertiary of the West." Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12: 19-75.
- ^ E. D. Cope (1877.) "Report upon the extinct Vertebrata obtained in New Mexico by parties of the expedition of 1874." Report upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in charge of First Lieut. G.M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Vol. IV Paleontology, Part II, pp. 1-365. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
- ^ A. V. Lavrov and A. V. Lopatin (2004.) "A New Species of Arfia (Hyaenodontidae, Creodonta) from the Basal Eocene of Mongolia." Paleontological Journal 38(4):448-457
- ^ McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9. Приступљено 16. 3. 2015.
- ^ а б в G. F. Gunnell (1998.) "Creodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals", Cambridge University Press, 703 pages ISBN 9780521355193
- ^ Solé, Floréal; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Amaghzaz, Mbarek; Bouya, Baâdi (2009). „Further evidence of the African antiquity of hyaenodontid (‘Creodonta’, Mammalia) evolution”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (4): 827—846. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00501.x
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- ^ Floréal Solé (2013). „New proviverrine genus from the Early Eocene of Europe and the first phylogeny of Late Palaeocene–Middle Eocene hyaenodontidans (Mammalia)”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 11 (4): 375—398. doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.686927.
- ^ Solé, F.; Lhuillier, J.; Adaci, M.; Bensalah, M.; Mahboubi, M.; Tabuce, R. (2013). „The hyaenodontidans from the Gour Lazib area (?Early Eocene, Algeria): implications concerning the systematics and the origin of the Hyainailourinae and Teratodontinae”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 12 (3): 303—322. doi:10.1080/14772019.2013.795196.
- ^ Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals (на језику: енглески). U.S. Government Printing Office.
- ^ Juhn, M. S.; Balisi, M. A.; Doughty, E. M.; Friscia, A. R.; Howenstine, A. O.; Jacquemetton, C.; Marcot, J.; Nugen, S.; Van Valkenburgh, B. (2024). „Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology”. Paleobiology: 1—10. doi:10.1017/pab.2024.27
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- ^ Egi, Naoko (2001). „Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from limb bone dimensions: the case of North American hyaenodontids.” (PDF). Palaeontology. 44 (3): 497—528. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 13. 04. 2022. г. Приступљено 16. 03. 2021.
- ^ а б Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). „The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian”. Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185—214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
- ^ а б в Philip D. Gingerich and Harvey A. Deutsch (1989). „Systematics and evolution of early Eocene Hyaenodontidae (Mammalia, Creodonta) in the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming” (PDF). Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan. 27 (13): 327—391.
- ^ а б T. Smith and R. Smith (2001.) "The creodonts (Mammalia, Ferae) from the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Belgium (Tienen Formation, MP7)." Belgian Journal of Zoology 131(2):117-135
- ^ W. D. Matthew and W. Granger (1915.) "A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind River faunas." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 34(1):1-103
- ^ Cope, Edward D. (1875). „Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico: Collected in 1874. Report to the Engineer Department”. Washington D.C.: United States Army, US Government Printing Office: 5—37.
- ^ M. C. McKenna (1960.) "Fossil Mammalia from the early Wasatchian Four Mile fauna, Eocene of northwest Colorado." University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 37(1):1-130
- ^ Cope, E. D. (1874.) "Report upon vertebrate fossils discovered in New Mexico, with descriptions of new species." Chief of Engineers Annual Report, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, Appendix FF:589-606.
- ^ Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). „Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)”. Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776
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- ^ Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). „Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
- ^ Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). „New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene”. Geobios. 66-67: 119—141. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.
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Литература
- W. B. Scott (1892.) "A revision of the North American Creodonta with notes on some genera which have been referred to that group." Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 44:291-323
- O. P. Hay (1902.) "Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America." Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179:1-868
- J. L. Wortman (1902.) "Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum." The American Journal of Science, series 4 13:197-206
- C. W. Andrews (1906.) "A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of Fayum, Egypt" 1-324
- W. D. Matthew (1909.) "The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger Basin, middle Eocene." Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 9:289-567
- E. L. Troxell (1926.) "Smilodectes or Notharctus." American Journal of Science, vol. 211, pp. 423-428
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